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We outline the eccentricity evolution of sub-parsec massive black hole binaries (MBHBs) forming in galaxy mergers. In both stellar and gaseous environments, MBHBs are expected to grow large orbital eccentricities before they enter the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-03 Constanze Roedig , Alberto Sesana

The ground-based gravitational wave (GW) observatories discover a population of merging stellar binary black holes (BBHs), which are promising targets for multiband observations by the low-, middle-, and high-frequency GW detectors. In this…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-06-06 Yuetong Zhao , Youjun Lu , Changshuo Yan , Zhiwei Chen , Wei-Tou Ni

It may soon be possible for Advanced LIGO to detect hundreds of binary black hole mergers per year. We show how the accumulation of many such measurements will allow for the detection of gravitational-wave memory: a permanent displacement…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2016-08-10 Paul D. Lasky , Eric Thrane , Yuri Levin , Jonathan Blackman , Yanbei Chen

A crucial component to maximizing the science gain from the multi-messenger follow-up of gravitational-wave (GW) signals from compact binary mergers is the prompt discovery of the electromagnetic counterpart. Ideally, the GW detection and…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-08-06 Shasvath J. Kapadia , Mukesh Kumar Singh , Md Arif Shaikh , Deep Chatterjee , Parameswaran Ajith

Supermassive black holes (SMBHs) are ubiquitous in galaxies with a sizable mass. It is expected that a pair of SMBHs originally in the nuclei of two merging galaxies would form a binary and eventually coalesce via a burst of gravitational…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2016-09-21 Fazeel M. Khan , Davide Fiacconi , Lucio Mayer , Peter Berczik , Andreas Just

Supermassive black hole binary systems (SMBHBs) should be the most powerful sources of gravitational waves (GWs) in the Universe. Once Pulsar Timing Arrays (PTAs) detect the stochastic GW background from their cosmic merger history,…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-06-26 Nicole M. Khusid , Chiara M. F. Mingarelli , Priyamvada Natarajan , J. Andrew Casey-Clyde , Anna Barnacka

Gravitational radiation arising from the inspiral and merger of binary black holes (BBH's) is a promising candidate for detection by kilometer-scale interferometric gravitational wave observatories. This paper discusses a serious obstacle…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-12-30 Patrick R. Brady , Jolien D. E. Creighton , Kip S. Thorne

The postmerger gravitational-wave (GW) signal of a binary neutron star (BNS) merger is expected to contain valuable information that could shed light on the equation of state (EOS) of NSs, the properties of the matter produced during the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-05-04 Aditya Vijaykumar , Shasvath J. Kapadia , Parameswaran Ajith

Primordial Black Holes (PBH) can form in the early universe and might comprise a significant fraction of the dark matter. Interestingly, they are accompanied by the generation of Gravitational Wave (GW) signals and they could contribute to…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2021-10-14 G. Franciolini

We present the implementation of an anomaly-detection algorithm based on a deep convolutional autoencoder for the search for gravitational waves (GWs) in time-frequency spectrograms. Our method targets short-duration ($\lesssim…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-02-23 Gianluca Inguglia , Huw Haigh , Kristyna Vitulova , Ulyana Dupletsa

Mergers of binary neutron stars (BNSs) emit signals in both the gravitational-wave (GW) and electromagnetic (EM) spectra. Famously, the 2017 multi-messenger observation of GW170817 led to scientific discoveries across cosmology, nuclear…

While massive black hole binaries (MBHBs) merge at gravitational-wave frequencies above the pulsar timing array (PTA) sensitivity band, we show that they leave orphaned low-frequency contributions in the PTA pulsar term. Due to the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-04-24 Alexander W. Criswell , Stephen R. Taylor , Kris Pardo , Alberto Sesana , David Izquierdo , Silvia Bonoli , Daniele Spinoso

The groundbreaking discoveries of gravitational waves from binary black-hole mergers and, most recently, coalescing neutron stars started a new era of Multi-Messenger Astrophysics and revolutionized our understanding of the Cosmos. Machine…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2021-07-08 Plamen G. Krastev

The next generation of ground-based gravitational wave detectors may detect a few mergers of comparable-mass M\simeq 100-1000 Msun ("intermediate-mass'', or IMBH) spinning black holes. Black hole spin is known to have a significant impact…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2010-11-11 Richard O'Shaughnessy , Birjoo Vaishnav , James Healy , Deirdre Shoemaker

Massive black hole binaries (MBHBs) produce gravitational waves (GWs) that are detectable with pulsar timing arrays. We determine the properties of the host galaxies of simulated MBHBs at the time they are producing detectable GW signals.…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-01-28 Katharine Cella , Stephen R. Taylor , Luke Zoltan Kelley

Despite solid theoretical and observational grounds for the pairing of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) after galaxy mergers, definitive evidence for the existence of close (sub-parsec) separation SMBH binaries (SMBHBs) approaching merger…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-10-30 Daniel J. D'Orazio , Maria Charisi

Direct-collapse black holes (DCBHs) are an important component of the massive black hole population of the early universe, and their formation and early mergers will be prominent in the data stream of the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-12-23 Bernard J. Kelly , Sarah Gossan , Leonardo R. Werneck , John Wise , Zachariah B. Etienne , Thiago Assumpção , Aláine Lee , John G. Baker

One of the key challenges of real-time detection and parameter estimation of gravitational waves from compact binary mergers is the computational cost of conventional matched-filtering and Bayesian inference approaches. In particular, the…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2021-07-30 Plamen G. Krastev , Kiranjyot Gill , V. Ashley Villar , Edo Berger

Space-based gravitational wave (GW) detection is one of the most anticipated GW detection projects in the next decade, which promises to detect abundant compact binary systems. At present, deep learning methods have not been widely explored…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-03-07 Ruijun Shi , Yue Zhou , Tianyu Zhao , Zhoujian Cao , Zhixiang Ren

Supermassive black hole binaries (SMBHBs) are among the most powerful known sources of gravitational waves (GWs). Accordingly, these systems could dominate GW emission in the micro- and millihertz frequency range. Within this domain, SMBHs…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-01-08 Matthias Daniel , Kris Pardo , Laura Sagunski