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Large Language Models (LLMs) trained with reinforcement learning and verifiable rewards have achieved strong results on complex reasoning tasks. Recent work extends this paradigm to a multi-agent setting, where a meta-thinking agent…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Zhiwei Zhang , Xiaomin Li , Yudi Lin , Hui Liu , Ramraj Chandradevan , Linlin Wu , Minhua Lin , Fali Wang , Xianfeng Tang , Qi He , Suhang Wang

Addressing the question of how to achieve optimal decision-making under risk and uncertainty is crucial for enhancing the capabilities of artificial agents that collaborate with or support humans. In this work, we address this question in…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2024-08-02 Nicole Orzan , Erman Acar , Davide Grossi , Patrick Mannion , Roxana Rădulescu

This paper focuses on the coordination of a large population of dynamic agents with private information over multiple periods. Each agent maximizes the individual utility, while the coordinator determines the market rule to achieve group…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2015-10-05 Sen Li , Wei Zhang

We introduce the notion of fault tolerant mechanism design, which extends the standard game theoretic framework of mechanism design to allow for uncertainty about execution. Specifically, we define the problem of task allocation in which…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2013-01-07 Ryan Porter , Amir Ronen , Yoav Shoham , Moshe Tennenholtz

While sequential task assignment for a single agent has been widely studied, such problems in a multi-agent setting, where the agents have heterogeneous task preferences or capabilities, remain less well-characterized. We study a…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Qinshuang Wei , Vaibhav Srivastava , Vijay Gupta

To successfully complete a complex project, be it a construction of an airport or of a backbone IT system, agents (companies or individuals) must form a team having required competences and resources. A team can be formed either by the…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2016-09-16 Piotr Skowron , Krzysztof Rzadca , Anwitaman Datta

Selective contests can impair participants' overall welfare in overcompetitive environments, such as school admissions. This paper models the situation as an optimal contest design problem with binary actions, treating effort costs as…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2024-10-07 Penghuan Yan

What type of delegation contract should be offered when facing a risk of the magnitude of the pandemic we are currently experiencing and how does the likelihood of an exogenous early termination of the relationship modify the terms of a…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-02-02 Jessica Martin , Stéphane Villeneuve

Algorithmic contract design studies scenarios where a principal incentivizes an agent to exert effort on her behalf. In this work, we focus on settings where the agent's type is drawn from an unknown distribution, and formalize an offline…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-01-27 Paul Duetting , Michal Feldman , Tomasz Ponitka , Ermis Soumalias

Principal-agent problems model scenarios where a principal incentivizes an agent to take costly, unobservable actions through the provision of payments. Such problems are ubiquitous in several real-world applications, ranging from…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-02-27 Francesco Bacchiocchi , Jiarui Gan , Matteo Castiglioni , Alberto Marchesi , Nicola Gatti

Bid optimization for online advertising from single advertiser's perspective has been thoroughly investigated in both academic research and industrial practice. However, existing work typically assume competitors do not change their bids,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-06-09 Ziyu Guan , Hongchang Wu , Qingyu Cao , Hao Liu , Wei Zhao , Sheng Li , Cai Xu , Guang Qiu , Jian Xu , Bo Zheng

Most active learning research has focused on methods which perform well when many labels are available, but can be dramatically worse than random selection when label budgets are small. Other methods have focused on the low-budget regime,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-28 Wonho Bae , Gabriel L. Oliveira , Danica J. Sutherland

In the combinatorial-action contract model (D\"utting et al., FOCS'21) a principal delegates the execution of a complex project to an agent, who can choose any subset from a given set of actions. Each set of actions incurs a cost to the…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Paul Dütting , Michal Feldman , Yoav Gal-Tzur , Aviad Rubinstein

We examine the trade-off between the provision of incentives to exert costly effort (ex-ante moral hazard) and the incentives needed to prevent the agent from manipulating the profit observed by the principal (ex-post moral hazard).…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2021-12-14 Jean-Gabriel Lauzier

The main challenge of multiagent reinforcement learning is the difficulty of learning useful policies in the presence of other simultaneously learning agents whose changing behaviors jointly affect the environment's transition and reward…

In a multi-party machine learning system, different parties cooperate on optimizing towards better models by sharing data in a privacy-preserving way. A major challenge in learning is the incentive issue. For example, if there is…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2020-08-11 Mengjing Chen , Yang Liu , Weiran Shen , Yiheng Shen , Pingzhong Tang , Qiang Yang

We study the problem faced by a service provider that has to sell services to a user. In our model the service provider proposes various payment options (a menu) to the user which may be based, for example, on the quality of the service.…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-02-27 Martino Bernasconi , Matteo Castiglioni , Andrea Celli

We study a generic principal-agent problem in continuous time on a finite time horizon. We introduce a framework in which the agent is allowed to employ measure-valued controls and characterise the continuation utility as a solution to a…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-12-01 Daniel Kršek , Dylan Possamaï

The legitimacy of bottom-up democratic processes for the distribution of public funds by policy-makers is challenging and complex. Participatory budgeting is such a process, where voting outcomes may not always be fair or inclusive.…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2023-07-25 Srijoni Majumdar , Evangelos Pournaras

We study two combinatorial contract design models -- multi-agent and multi-action -- where a principal delegates the execution of a costly project to others. In both settings, the principal cannot observe the choices of the agent(s), only…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-12-01 Tomer Ezra , Michal Feldman , Maya Schlesinger