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Related papers: Deep Networks Always Grok and Here is Why

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Grokking in modular arithmetic has established itself as the quintessential fruit fly experiment, serving as a critical domain for investigating the mechanistic origins of model generalization. Despite its significance, existing research…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Junjie Zhang , Zhen Shen , Gang Xiong , Xisong Dong

We develop a new method for regularising neural networks. We learn a probability distribution over the activations of all layers of the model and then insert imputed values into the network during training. We obtain a posterior for an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-14 Matthew Willetts , Alexander Camuto , Stephen Roberts , Chris Holmes

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) are proposed without considering the agnostic distribution shifts between training and testing graphs, inducing the degeneration of the generalization ability of GNNs on Out-Of-Distribution (OOD) settings. The…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-12 Shaohua Fan , Xiao Wang , Chuan Shi , Peng Cui , Bai Wang

Deep neural networks (DNNs) generalize remarkably well without explicit regularization even in the strongly over-parametrized regime where classical learning theory would instead predict that they would severely overfit. While many…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-04-23 Guillermo Valle-Pérez , Chico Q. Camargo , Ard A. Louis

Machine learning models, including state-of-the-art deep neural networks, are vulnerable to small perturbations that cause unexpected classification errors. This unexpected lack of robustness raises fundamental questions about their…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-02-01 Andras Rozsa , Manuel Gunther , Terrance E. Boult

Regularization plays an important role in generalization of deep neural networks, which are often prone to overfitting with their numerous parameters. L1 and L2 regularizers are common regularization tools in machine learning with their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-21 Dae Hoon Park , Chiu Man Ho , Yi Chang , Huaqing Zhang

Larger and deeper networks generalise well despite their increased capacity to overfit. Understanding why this happens is theoretically and practically important. One recent approach looks at the infinitely wide limits of such networks and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-13 Adrian Goldwaser , Hong Ge

Modern machine learning and deep learning models are shown to be vulnerable when testing data are slightly perturbed. Existing theoretical studies of adversarial training algorithms mostly focus on either adversarial training losses or…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-04-07 Yue Xing , Qifan Song , Guang Cheng

Deep generative models based on Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) have demonstrated impressive sample quality but in order to work they require a careful choice of architecture, parameter initialization, and selection of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-11-08 Kevin Roth , Aurelien Lucchi , Sebastian Nowozin , Thomas Hofmann

Understanding why deep neural networks (DNNs) fail to generalize to unseen samples remains a long-standing challenge. Existing studies mainly examine changes in externally observable factors such as data, representations, or outputs, yet…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Huiqi Deng , Yibo Li , Quanshi Zhang , Peng Zhang , Hongbin Pei , Xia Hu

While deep learning is successful in a number of applications, it is not yet well understood theoretically. A satisfactory theoretical characterization of deep learning however, is beginning to emerge. It covers the following questions: 1)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-08-27 Tomaso Poggio , Andrzej Banburski , Qianli Liao

Reinforcement learning research obtained significant success and attention with the utilization of deep neural networks to solve problems in high dimensional state or action spaces. While deep reinforcement learning policies are currently…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-31 Ezgi Korkmaz

Recent progress in empirical and certified robustness promises to deliver reliable and deployable Deep Neural Networks (DNNs). Despite that success, most existing evaluations of DNN robustness have been done on images sampled from the same…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-08 Kumail Alhamoud , Hasan Abed Al Kader Hammoud , Motasem Alfarra , Bernard Ghanem

Training neural networks is an optimization problem, and finding a decent set of parameters through gradient descent can be a difficult task. A host of techniques has been developed to aid this process before and during the training phase.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-19 Divya Gaur , Joachim Folz , Andreas Dengel

This paper focuses on the domain generalization task where domain knowledge is unavailable, and even worse, only samples from a single domain can be utilized during training. Our motivation originates from the recent progresses in deep…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-08 Chris Xing Tian , Haoliang Li , Xiaofei Xie , Yang Liu , Shiqi Wang

Deep neural networks obtained by standard training have been constantly plagued by adversarial examples. Although adversarial training demonstrates its capability to defend against adversarial examples, unfortunately, it leads to an…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-27 Hongjun Wang , Yisen Wang

Deep neural networks (DNNs) typically have enough capacity to fit random data by brute force even when conventional data-dependent regularizations focusing on the geometry of the features are imposed. We find out that the reason for this is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-09-25 Wei Zhu , Qiang Qiu , Bao Wang , Jianfeng Lu , Guillermo Sapiro , Ingrid Daubechies

While significant theoretical progress has been achieved, unveiling the generalization mystery of overparameterized neural networks still remains largely elusive. In this paper, we study the generalization behavior of shallow neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-21 Yunwen Lei , Rong Jin , Yiming Ying

\emph{Memorization} in neural networks lacks a precise operational definition and is often inferred from the grokking regime, where training accuracy saturates while test accuracy remains very low. We identify a previously unreported third…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Hari K Prakash , Charles H Martin

Graph neural networks (GNNs) learn representations from network data with naturally distributed architectures, rendering them well-suited candidates for decentralized learning. Oftentimes, this decentralized graph support changes with time…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-27 Zhan Gao , Fernando Gama , Alejandro Ribeiro