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Understanding the internals of Integrated Circuits (ICs), referred to as Hardware Reverse Engineering (HRE), is of interest to both legitimate and malicious parties. HRE is a complex process in which semi-automated steps are interwoven with…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-06-01 Steffen Becker , Carina Wiesen , Nils Albartus , Nikol Rummel , Christof Paar

Hardware Reverse Engineering (HRE) is a technique for analyzing integrated circuits. Experts employ HRE for security-critical tasks, like detecting Trojans or intellectual property violations, relying not only on their experience and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-06 Steffen Becker , René Walendy , Markus Weber , Carina Wiesen , Nikol Rummel , Christof Paar

In the context of hardware trust and assurance, reverse engineering has been often considered as an illegal action. Generally speaking, reverse engineering aims to retrieve information from a product, i.e., integrated circuits (ICs) and…

As hardware serves as the root of trust in modern computing systems, Hardware Reverse Engineering (HRE) is foundational for security assurance. In practice, HRE enables critical security applications, including design verification,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Zehra Karadağ , Simon Klix , René Walendy , Felix Hahn , Kolja Dorschel , Julian Speith , Christof Paar , Steffen Becker

Reverse engineering is a complex process essential to software-security tasks such as vulnerability discovery and malware analysis. Significant research and engineering effort has gone into developing tools to support reverse engineers.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-12-03 Daniel Votipka , Seth M. Rabin , Kristopher Micinski , Jeffrey S. Foster , Michelle L. Mazurek

Hardware reverse engineering is a universal tool for both legitimate and illegitimate purposes. On the one hand, it supports confirmation of IP infringement and detection of circuit malicious manipulations, on the other hand it provides…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-10-04 Marc Fyrbiak , Sebastian Strauß , Christian Kison , Sebastian Wallat , Malte Elson , Nikol Rummel , Christof Paar

The increasing importance of supply chain security for digital devices -- from consumer electronics to critical infrastructure -- has created a high demand for skilled cybersecurity experts. These experts use Hardware Reverse Engineering…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-11-19 René Walendy , Markus Weber , Steffen Becker , Christof Paar , Nikol Rummel

This full research paper focuses on skill acquisition in Hardware Reverse Engineering (HRE) - an important field of cyber security. HRE is a prevalent technique routinely employed by security engineers (i) to detect malicious hardware…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-05-31 Carina Wiesen , Steffen Becker , Nils Albartus Christof Paar , Nikol Rummel

Since underlying hardware components form the basis of trust in virtually any computing system, security failures in hardware pose a devastating threat to our daily lives. Hardware reverse engineering is commonly employed by security…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-10-02 Carina Wiesen , Steffen Becker , Marc Fyrbiak , Nils Albartus , Malte Elson , Nikol Rummel , Christof Paar

Reverse engineering (RE) in Integrated Circuits (IC) is a process in which one will attempt to extract the internals of an IC, extract the circuit structure, and determine the gate-level information of an IC. In general, RE process can be…

Eye-gaze tracking research offers significant promise in enhancing various healthcare-related tasks, above all in medical image analysis and interpretation. Eye tracking, a technology that monitors and records the movement of the eyes,…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-03-13 Sahar Moradizeyveh , Mehnaz Tabassum , Sidong Liu , Robert Ahadizad Newport , Amin Beheshti , Antonio Di Ieva

Eye tracking is an important tool with a wide range of applications in Virtual, Augmented, and Mixed Reality (VR/AR/MR) technologies. State-of-the-art eye tracking methods are either reflection-based and track reflections of sparse point…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-10 Tianfu Wang , Jiazhang Wang , Oliver Cossairt , Florian Willomitzer

Human eye tracking devices can help to investigate principles of processing visual information by humans. The attention focus movement during the gaze can be used for behavioural analysis of humans. In this work we describe our experimental…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2022-01-05 R. Kovtun , S. Radchenko , A. Netreba , O. Sudakov , R. Natarov , Z. Dyka , I. Kabin , P. Langendörfer

Eye-tracking technology is widely used in various application areas such as psychology, neuroscience, marketing, and human-computer interaction, as it is a valuable tool for understanding how people process information and interact with…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-04-25 Enkelejda Kasneci , Hong Gao , Suleyman Ozdel , Virmarie Maquiling , Enkeleda Thaqi , Carrie Lau , Yao Rong , Gjergji Kasneci , Efe Bozkir

Continuous assessment of task difficulty and mental workload is essential in improving the usability and accessibility of interactive systems. Eye tracking data has often been investigated to achieve this ability, with reports on the…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2021-02-15 Youngjun Cho

Multiple human tracking (MHT) is a fundamental task in many computer vision applications. Appearance-based approaches, primarily formulated on RGB data, are constrained and affected by problems arising from occlusions and/or illumination…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-06-15 Massimo Camplani , Adeline Paiement , Majid Mirmehdi , Dima Damen , Sion Hannuna , Tilo Burghardt , Lili Tao

We study the problem of troubleshooting machine learning systems that rely on analytical pipelines of distinct components. Understanding and fixing errors that arise in such integrative systems is difficult as failures can occur at multiple…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-11-28 Besmira Nushi , Ece Kamar , Eric Horvitz , Donald Kossmann

Virtual reality (VR) is not a new technology but has been in development for decades, driven by advances in computer technology. Currently, VR technology is increasingly being used in applications to enable immersive, yet controlled…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2022-11-24 Hong Gao

In this survey I discuss ophthalmic neurophysiology and the experimental considerations that must be made to reduce possible noise in an eye-tracking data stream. I also review the history, experiments, technological benefits and…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2020-07-27 Michael Segundo Ortiz

Fast and accurate eye tracking in a virtual reality or augmented reality headset could lead to better display performance and enable novel methods of user interaction with the system. However, it remains a challenge for a system to combine…

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