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Counterfactual explanations can be obtained by identifying the smallest change made to a feature vector to qualitatively influence a prediction; for example, from 'loan rejected' to 'awarded' or from 'high risk of cardiovascular disease' to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-05-05 Martin Pawelczyk , Johannes Haug , Klaus Broelemann , Gjergji Kasneci

Retriever-augmented instruction-following models are attractive alternatives to fine-tuned approaches for information-seeking tasks such as question answering (QA). By simply prepending retrieved documents in its input along with an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-18 Vaibhav Adlakha , Parishad BehnamGhader , Xing Han Lu , Nicholas Meade , Siva Reddy

Question answering over temporal knowledge graphs (TKGs) is crucial for understanding evolving facts and relationships, yet its development is hindered by limited datasets and difficulties in generating custom QA pairs. We propose a novel…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-01-09 Qiang Sun , Sirui Li , Du Huynh , Mark Reynolds , Wei Liu

To use generative question-and-answering (QA) systems for decision-making and in any critical application, these systems need to provide well-calibrated confidence scores that reflect the correctness of their answers. Existing calibration…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Putra Manggala , Atalanti Mastakouri , Elke Kirschbaum , Shiva Prasad Kasiviswanathan , Aaditya Ramdas

Temporal knowledge graph question answering (TKGQA) poses a significant challenge task, due to the temporal constraints hidden in questions and the answers sought from dynamic structured knowledge. Although large language models (LLMs) have…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-25 Yifu Gao , Linbo Qiao , Zhigang Kan , Zhihua Wen , Yongquan He , Dongsheng Li

This paper introduces UnSeenTimeQA, a novel data contamination-free time-sensitive question-answering (TSQA) benchmark. It differs from existing TSQA benchmarks by avoiding web-searchable queries grounded in the real world. We present a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Md Nayem Uddin , Amir Saeidi , Divij Handa , Agastya Seth , Tran Cao Son , Eduardo Blanco , Steven R. Corman , Chitta Baral

Question Answering (QA) systems are becoming the inspiring model for the future of search engines. While recently, underlying datasets for QA systems have been promoted from unstructured datasets to structured datasets with highly…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2016-02-17 Saeedeh Shekarpour , Denis Lukovnikov , Ashwini Jaya Kumar , Kemele Endris , Kuldeep Singh , Harsh Thakkar , Christoph Lange

We present the task of Spatio-Temporal Video Question Answering, which requires intelligent systems to simultaneously retrieve relevant moments and detect referenced visual concepts (people and objects) to answer natural language questions…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-05-13 Jie Lei , Licheng Yu , Tamara L. Berg , Mohit Bansal

Counterfactual inference enables clinicians to ask "what if" questions about patient outcomes, but standard methods assume feature independence and simultaneous modifiability -- assumptions violated by longitudinal clinical data. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Jingya Cheng , Alaleh Azhir , Jiazi Tian , Hossein Estiri

We study the enumeration of answers to ontology-mediated queries (OMQs) where the ontology is a set of guarded TGDs or formulated in the description logic ELI and the query is a conjunctive query (CQ). In addition to the traditional notion…

Databases · Computer Science 2022-03-18 Carsten Lutz , Marcin Przybyłko

Humans gather information by engaging in conversations involving a series of interconnected questions and answers. For machines to assist in information gathering, it is therefore essential to enable them to answer conversational questions.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-04-02 Siva Reddy , Danqi Chen , Christopher D. Manning

Recent pretrained language models "solved" many reading comprehension benchmarks, where questions are written with access to the evidence document. However, datasets containing information-seeking queries where evidence documents are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-08 Akari Asai , Eunsol Choi

Building automatic technical support system is an important yet challenge task. Conceptually, to answer a user question on a technical forum, a human expert has to first retrieve relevant documents, and then read them carefully to identify…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-19 Wenhao Yu , Lingfei Wu , Yu Deng , Qingkai Zeng , Ruchi Mahindru , Sinem Guven , Meng Jiang

Continuous queries over data streams may suffer from blocking operations and/or unbound wait, which may delay answers until some relevant input arrives through the data stream. These delays may turn answers, when they arrive, obsolete to…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Luís Cruz-Filipe , Graça Gaspar , Isabel Nunes

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) models frequently produce answers grounded in parametric memory rather than the retrieved context, undermining the core promise of retrieval augmentation. A fundamental obstacle to fixing this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Li Ju , Junzhe Wang , Qi Zhang

Scholastic trivia competitions test knowledge and intelligence through mastery of question answering. Modern question answering benchmarks are one variant of the Turing test. Specifically, answering a set of questions as well as a human is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-02-15 Pedro Rodriguez , Shi Feng , Mohit Iyyer , He He , Jordan Boyd-Graber

Automatic question generation (AQG) has broad applicability in domains such as tutoring systems, conversational agents, healthcare literacy, and information retrieval. Existing efforts at AQG have been limited to short answer lengths of up…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-04-16 Shlok Kumar Mishra , Pranav Goel , Abhishek Sharma , Abhyuday Jagannatha , David Jacobs , Hal Daumé

Video Question Answering (VideoQA) requires identifying sparse critical moments in long videos and reasoning about their causal relationships to answer semantically complex questions. While recent advances in multimodal learning have…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Xinxin Dong , Baoyun Peng , Haokai Ma , Yufei Wang , Zixuan Dong , Fei Hu , Xiaodong Wang

Temporal logical understanding, a core facet of human cognition, plays a pivotal role in capturing complex sequential events and their temporal relationships within videos. This capability is particularly crucial in tasks like Video…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Sirnam Swetha , Hilde Kuehne , Mubarak Shah

Video-based Question Answering (Video QA) is a challenging task and becomes even more intricate when addressing Socially Intelligent Question Answering (SIQA). SIQA requires context understanding, temporal reasoning, and the integration of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-23 Aviral Agrawal , Carlos Mateo Samudio Lezcano , Iqui Balam Heredia-Marin , Prabhdeep Singh Sethi