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Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance across various natural language processing (NLP) tasks. However, their deployment is challenging due to the substantial computational resources required. Power-of-two…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-17 Xinyu Wang , Vahid Partovi Nia , Peng Lu , Jerry Huang , Xiao-Wen Chang , Boxing Chen , Yufei Cui

Model quantization reduces neural network parameter precision to achieve compression, but often compromises accuracy. Existing post-training quantization (PTQ) methods employ iterative parameter updates to preserve accuracy under high…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Zekang Zheng , Haokun Li , Yaofo Chen , Mingkui Tan , Qing Du

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown impressive capabilities across diverse tasks, but their large memory and compute demands hinder deployment. Ternarization has gained attention as a promising compression technique, delivering…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Xianglong Yan , Chengzhu Bao , Zhiteng Li , Tianao Zhang , Kaicheng Yang , Haotong Qin , Ruobing Xie , Xingwu Sun , Yulun Zhang

Network quantization has gained increasing attention with the rapid growth of large pre-trained language models~(PLMs). However, most existing quantization methods for PLMs follow quantization-aware training~(QAT) that requires end-to-end…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-01 Haoli Bai , Lu Hou , Lifeng Shang , Xin Jiang , Irwin King , Michael R. Lyu

Post-training quantization (PTQ) of large language models (LLMs) to extremely low bit-widths remains challenging due to the fundamental trade-off between computational efficiency and representational capacity. While existing ultra-low-bit…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-05 He Xiao , Runming Yang , Qingyao Yang , Wendong Xu , Zhen Li , Yupeng Su , Zhengwu Liu , Hongxia Yang , Ngai Wong

Vector Quantization (VQ) is an appealing model compression method to obtain a tiny model with less accuracy loss. While methods to obtain better codebooks and codes under fixed clustering dimensionality have been extensively studied,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-22 Zezhou Zhu , Yucong Zhou , Zhao Zhong

Improving the efficiency of inference in Large Language Models (LLMs) is a critical area of research. Post-training Quantization (PTQ) is a popular technique, but it often faces challenges at low-bit levels, particularly in downstream…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Wenjin Ke , Zhe Li , Dong Li , Lu Tian , Emad Barsoum

The significant resource requirements associated with Large-scale Language Models (LLMs) have generated considerable interest in the development of techniques aimed at compressing and accelerating neural networks. Among these techniques,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-20 Yuexiao Ma , Huixia Li , Xiawu Zheng , Feng Ling , Xuefeng Xiao , Rui Wang , Shilei Wen , Fei Chao , Rongrong Ji

Quantization has become a standard tool for efficient LLM deployment, especially for local inference, where models are now routinely served at 2-3 bits per parameter. The state of the art is currently split into simple scalar quantization…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Alireza Dadgarnia , Soroush Tabesh , Mahdi Nikdan , Michael Helcig , Eldar Kurtic , Maximilian Kleinegger , Dan Alistarh

Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate exceptional performance but entail significant memory and computational costs, restricting their practical deployment. While existing INT4/INT8 quantization reduces these costs, they often degrade…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Hao Zhang , Aining Jia , Weifeng Bu , Yushu Cai , Kai Sheng , Hao Chen , Xin He

This study presents an ensemble technique, SPQ (SVD-Pruning-Quantization), for large language model (LLM) compression that combines variance-retained singular value decomposition (SVD), activation-based pruning, and post-training linear…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Jiamin Yao , Eren Gultepe

As Large Language Models (LLMs) become increasingly computationally complex, developing efficient deployment strategies, such as quantization, becomes crucial. State-of-the-art Post-training Quantization (PTQ) techniques often rely on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-17 Alireza Ghaffari , Sharareh Younesian , Boxing Chen , Vahid Partovi Nia , Masoud Asgharian

Large language models (LLMs) deliver strong performance, but their high compute and memory costs make deployment difficult in resource-constrained scenarios. Weight-only post-training quantization (PTQ) is appealing, as it reduces memory…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Xianglong Yan , ChengZhu Bao , Zhiteng Li , Tianao Zhang , Shaoqiu Zhang , Ruobing Xie , Samm Sun , Yulun Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) have revolutionized natural language processing tasks. However, their practical deployment is hindered by their immense memory and computation requirements. Although recent post-training quantization (PTQ)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Wenqi Shao , Mengzhao Chen , Zhaoyang Zhang , Peng Xu , Lirui Zhao , Zhiqian Li , Kaipeng Zhang , Peng Gao , Yu Qiao , Ping Luo

Diffusion large language models (dLLMs), which offer bidirectional context and flexible masked-denoising generation, are emerging as a compelling alternative to autoregressive (AR) LLMs. However, like AR LLMs, their model sizes continue to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Tianao Zhang , Zhiteng Li , Xianglong Yan , Haotong Qin , Yong Guo , Yulun Zhang

Post-training quantization (PTQ) is a promising approach to reducing the storage and computational requirements of large language models (LLMs) without additional training cost. Recent PTQ studies have primarily focused on quantizing only…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Reena Elangovan , Charbel Sakr , Anand Raghunathan , Brucek Khailany

Large language models (LLMs) can now handle longer sequences of tokens, enabling complex tasks like book understanding and generating lengthy novels. However, the key-value (KV) cache required for LLMs consumes substantial memory as context…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-13 Haojie Duanmu , Zhihang Yuan , Xiuhong Li , Jiangfei Duan , Xingcheng Zhang , Dahua Lin

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used in applications requiring long context lengths, but the key-value (KV) cache often becomes a memory bottleneck on GPUs as context grows. To address this, we propose Commutative Vector…

Latent Diffusion Models (LDMs) capture the dynamic evolution of latent variables over time, blending patterns and multimodality in a generative system. Despite the proficiency of LDM in various applications, such as text-to-image…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-12 Yuewei Yang , Xiaoliang Dai , Jialiang Wang , Peizhao Zhang , Hongbo Zhang

Vector quantization (VQ) is a key technique in high-resolution and high-fidelity image synthesis, which aims to learn a codebook to encode an image with a sequence of discrete codes and then generate an image in an auto-regression manner.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Guotao Liang , Baoquan Zhang , Yaowei Wang , Xutao Li , Yunming Ye , Huaibin Wang , Chuyao Luo , Kola Ye , linfeng Luo