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Visual anomaly detection in multi-class settings poses significant challenges due to the diversity of object categories, the scarcity of anomalous examples, and the presence of camouflaged defects. In this paper, we propose PromptMAD, a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Duncan McCain , Hossein Kashiani , Fatemeh Afghah

The essence of unsupervised anomaly detection is to learn the compact distribution of normal samples and detect outliers as anomalies in testing. Meanwhile, the anomalies in real-world are usually subtle and fine-grained in a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-20 Ye Zheng , Xiang Wang , Rui Deng , Tianpeng Bao , Rui Zhao , Liwei Wu

3D anomaly detection (AD) is a crucial task in computer vision, aiming to identify anomalous points or regions from point cloud data. However, existing methods may encounter challenges when handling point clouds with changes in orientation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Hanzhe Liang , Jie Zhou , Can Gao , Bingyang Guo , Jinbao Wang , Linlin Shen

Anomaly detection (AD) is a crucial task in machine learning with various applications, such as detecting emerging diseases, identifying financial frauds, and detecting fake news. However, obtaining complete, accurate, and precise labels…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-10 Minqi Jiang , Chaochuan Hou , Ao Zheng , Xiyang Hu , Songqiao Han , Hailiang Huang , Xiangnan He , Philip S. Yu , Yue Zhao

Detecting anomalies in images is an important task, especially in real-time computer vision applications. In this work, we focus on computational efficiency and propose a lightweight feature extractor that processes an image in less than a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-09 Kilian Batzner , Lars Heckler , Rebecca König

Unsupervised anomaly detection aims to detect defective parts of a sample by having access, during training, to a set of normal, i.e. defect-free, data. It has many applications in fields, such as industrial inspection or medical imaging,…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-03 Robin Trombetta , Carole Lartizien

Video Anomaly Detection (VAD) is an open-set recognition task, which is usually formulated as a one-class classification (OCC) problem, where training data is comprised of videos with normal instances while test data contains both normal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Ayush K. Rai , Tarun Krishna , Feiyan Hu , Alexandru Drimbarean , Kevin McGuinness , Alan F. Smeaton , Noel E. O'Connor

Few-shot anomaly detection (FSAD) has emerged as a crucial yet challenging task in industrial inspection, where normal distribution modeling must be accomplished with only a few normal images. While existing approaches typically employ…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-09 Qishan Wang , Jia Guo , Shuyong Gao , Haofen Wang , Li Xiong , Junjie Hu , Hanqi Guo , Wenqiang Zhang

We present a novel method for image anomaly detection, where algorithms that use samples drawn from some distribution of "normal" data, aim to detect out-of-distribution (abnormal) samples. Our approach includes a combination of encoder and…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-03-02 Nina Tuluptceva , Bart Bakker , Irina Fedulova , Anton Konushin

Unsupervised out-of-distribution detection (OOD) seeks to identify out-of-domain data by learning only from unlabeled in-domain data. We present a novel approach for this task - Lift, Map, Detect (LMD) - that leverages recent advancement in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-21 Zhenzhen Liu , Jin Peng Zhou , Yufan Wang , Kilian Q. Weinberger

3D anomaly detection plays a crucial role in monitoring parts for localized inherent defects in precision manufacturing. Embedding-based and reconstruction-based approaches are among the most popular and successful methods. However, there…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Zheyuan Zhou , Le Wang , Naiyu Fang , Zili Wang , Lemiao Qiu , Shuyou Zhang

Despite the remarkable success, recent reconstruction-based anomaly detection (AD) methods via diffusion modeling still involve fine-grained noise-strength tuning and computationally expensive multi-step denoising, leading to a fundamental…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Shunsuke Sakai , Xiangteng He , Chunzhi Gu , Leonid Sigal , Tatsuhito Hasegawa

This study explores the recently proposed and challenging multi-view Anomaly Detection (AD) task. Single-view tasks will encounter blind spots from other perspectives, resulting in inaccuracies in sample-level prediction. Therefore, we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Haoyang He , Jiangning Zhang , Guanzhong Tian , Chengjie Wang , Lei Xie

Semi-supervised methods of anomaly detection have seen substantial advancement in recent years. Of particular interest are applications of such methods to diverse, real-world anomaly detection problems where anomalous variations can vary…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-04-29 Jack W. Barker , Toby P. Breckon

Visual anomaly detection is vital in real-world applications, such as industrial defect detection and medical diagnosis. However, most existing methods focus on local structural anomalies and fail to detect higher-level functional anomalies…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-17 Yun Peng , Xiao Lin , Nachuan Ma , Jiayuan Du , Chuangwei Liu , Chengju Liu , Qijun Chen

Unsupervised continual learning aims to learn new tasks incrementally without requiring human annotations. However, most existing methods, especially those targeted on image classification, only work in a simplified scenario by assuming all…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-04-13 Jiangpeng He , Fengqing Zhu

Anomaly detection aims to recognize samples with anomalous and unusual patterns with respect to a set of normal data. This is significant for numerous domain applications, such as industrial inspection, medical imaging, and security…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-30 Shuo Wang , Tianle Chen , Shangyu Chen , Carsten Rudolph , Surya Nepal , Marthie Grobler

Unsupervised Anomaly Detection (UAD) plays a crucial role in identifying abnormal patterns within data without labeled examples, holding significant practical implications across various domains. Although the individual contributions of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Zeyu Fang , Ming Gu , Sheng Zhou , Jiawei Chen , Qiaoyu Tan , Haishuai Wang , Jiajun Bu

Anomaly detection (AD) is the identification of data samples that do not fit a learned data distribution. As such, AD systems can help physicians to determine the presence, severity, and extension of a pathology. Deep generative models,…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-04-12 Jaime Simarro , Ezequiel de la Rosa , Thijs Vande Vyvere , David Robben , Diana M. Sima

Recent studies highlighted a practical setting of unsupervised anomaly detection (UAD) that builds a unified model for multi-class images. Despite various advancements addressing this challenging task, the detection performance under the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-03 Jia Guo , Shuai Lu , Weihang Zhang , Fang Chen , Huiqi Li , Hongen Liao