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While Secure Aggregation (SA) protects update confidentiality in Cross-silo Federated Learning, it fails to guarantee aggregation integrity, allowing malicious servers to silently omit or tamper with updates. Existing verifiable aggregation…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Xian Qin , Xue Yang , Xiaohu Tang

Federated learning (FL) enables training of a global model while keeping raw data on end-devices. Despite this, FL has shown to leak private user information and thus in practice, it is often coupled with methods such as differential…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Jie Xu , Haaris Mehmood , Rogier Van Dalen , Karthikeyan Saravanan , Mete Ozay

Traditional federated learning (FL) relies on a central aggregator server, which can create performance bottlenecks and privacy risks. Decentralized mix-and-forward designs remove the server, but repeated local mixing can attenuate global…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Naicheng Li , Javad Dogani , Rui Wang , Kaitai Liang , Nikolaos Laoutaris

We show that aggregated model updates in federated learning may be insecure. An untrusted central server may disaggregate user updates from sums of updates across participants given repeated observations, enabling the server to recover…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-06-14 Maximilian Lam , Gu-Yeon Wei , David Brooks , Vijay Janapa Reddi , Michael Mitzenmacher

Federated learning (FL) based on cloud servers is a distributed machine learning framework that involves an aggregator and multiple clients, which allows multiple clients to collaborate in training a shared model without exchanging data.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-13 Ruyuan Zhang , Jinguang Han

Cross-silo federated learning allows multiple organizations to collaboratively train machine learning models without sharing raw data, but client updates can still leak sensitive information through inference attacks. Secure aggregation…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Delio Jaramillo Velez , Gergely Biczok , Alexandre Graell i Amat , Johan Ostman , Balazs Pejo

Federated learning (FL) faces challenges in ensuring both privacy and communication efficiency, particularly in resource-constrained environments such as Internet of Things (IoT) and edge networks. While sign-based methods, such as sign…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Hyeong-Gun Joo , Songnam Hong , Seunghwan Lee , Dong-Joon Shin

Federated Learning (FL) is an interesting strategy that enables the collaborative training of an AI model among different data owners without revealing their private datasets. Even so, FL has some privacy vulnerabilities that have been…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Xavier Martínez Luaña , Rebeca P. Díaz Redondo , Manuel Fernández Veiga

Federated Learning (FL) has been recently proposed as an emerging paradigm to build machine learning models using distributed training datasets that are locally stored and maintained on different devices in 5G networks while providing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-07-30 Yi Liu , Jialiang Peng , Jiawen Kang , Abdullah M. Iliyasu , Dusit Niyato , Ahmed A. Abd El-Latif

Federated Learning (FL) enables model training across decentralized devices by communicating solely local model updates to an aggregation server. Although such limited data sharing makes FL more secure than centralized approached, FL…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-06-14 Vasileios Tsouvalas , Samaneh Mohammadi , Ali Balador , Tanir Ozcelebi , Francesco Flammini , Nirvana Meratnia

Federated learning enables multiple, distributed participants (potentially on different clouds) to collaborate and train machine/deep learning models by sharing parameters/gradients. However, sharing gradients, instead of centralizing data,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-12-02 K. R. Jayaram , Archit Verma , Ashish Verma , Gegi Thomas , Colin Sutcher-Shepard

This paper considers the secure aggregation problem for federated learning under an information theoretic cryptographic formulation, where distributed training nodes (referred to as users) train models based on their own local data and a…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-11-14 Kai Wan , Hua Sun , Mingyue Ji , Tiebin Mi , Giuseppe Caire

Federated learning (FL) has recently gained significant momentum due to its potential to leverage large-scale distributed user data while preserving user privacy. However, the typical paradigm of FL faces challenges of both privacy and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Sizai Hou , Songze Li , Tayyebeh Jahani-Nezhad , Giuseppe Caire

Secure aggregation is motivated by federated learning (FL) where a cloud server aims to compute an {aggregated} model (i.e., weights of deep neural networks) of the locally-trained models of numerous clients {through an iterative…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Xiang Zhang , Zhou Li , Kai Wan , Hua Sun , Mingyue Ji , Giuseppe Caire

Aiming at privacy preservation, Federated Learning (FL) is an emerging machine learning approach enabling model training on decentralized devices or data sources. The learning mechanism of FL relies on aggregating parameter updates from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-21 Jiayan Chen , Zhirong Qian , Tianhui Meng , Xitong Gao , Tian Wang , Weijia Jia

In federated learning, multiple parties can cooperate to train the model without directly exchanging their own private data, but the gradient leakage problem still threatens the privacy security and model integrity. Although the existing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Minjie Wang , Jinguang Han , Weizhi Meng

Federated learning (FL) is a privacy-aware data mining strategy keeping the private data on the owners' machine and thereby confidential. The clients compute local models and send them to an aggregator which computes a global model. In…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-10-13 Anne Hartebrodt , Richard Röttger

Since the concern of privacy leakage extremely discourages user participation in sharing data, federated learning has gradually become a promising technique for both academia and industry for achieving collaborative learning without leaking…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-04-25 Zhibo Xing , Zijian Zhang , Meng Li , Jiamou Liu , Liehuang Zhu , Giovanni Russello , Muhammad Rizwan Asghar

Motivated by the explosive computing capabilities at end user equipments, as well as the growing privacy concerns over sharing sensitive raw data, a new machine learning paradigm, named federated learning (FL) has emerged. By training…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2021-06-07 Chuan Ma , Jun Li , Ming Ding , Long Shi , Taotao Wang , Zhu Han , H. Vincent Poor

Federated learning (FL) enables multiple clients to jointly train a model by sharing only gradient updates for aggregation instead of raw data. Due to the transmission of very high-dimensional gradient updates from many clients, FL is known…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Shuangqing Xu , Yifeng Zheng , Zhongyun Hua