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As Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit plateauing performance on conventional benchmarks, a pivotal challenge persists: evaluating their proficiency in complex, open-ended tasks characterizing genuine expert-level cognition. Existing…

Large language model (LLM) hallucinations, meaning fluent but factually incorrect generations, fall into two types: faithfulness violations, where the model misuses provided context, and factuality violations, where answers reflect errors…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Ivo Brink , Alexander Boer , Dennis Ulmer

LLMs have demonstrated impressive proficiency in generating coherent and high-quality text, making them valuable across a range of text-generation tasks. However, rigorous evaluation of this generated content is crucial, as ensuring its…

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) enhances Large Language Models (LLMs) with external knowledge but remains vulnerable to low-authority sources that can propagate misinformation. We investigate whether LLMs can perceive information…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Zhihui Yao , Hengran Zhang , Keping Bi

Despite Large Language Models (LLMs) like GPT-4 achieving impressive results in function-level code generation, they struggle with repository-scale code understanding (e.g., coming up with the right arguments for calling routines),…

Large language models (LLMs) have shown potential in assisting scientific research, yet their ability to discover high-quality research hypotheses remains unexamined due to the lack of a dedicated benchmark. To address this gap, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Yujie Liu , Zonglin Yang , Tong Xie , Jinjie Ni , Ben Gao , Yuqiang Li , Shixiang Tang , Wanli Ouyang , Erik Cambria , Dongzhan Zhou

Interpretability tools are increasingly used to analyze failures of Large Language Models (LLMs), yet prior work largely focuses on short prompts or toy settings, leaving their behavior on commonly used benchmarks underexplored. To address…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Rongyuan Tan , Jue Zhang , Zhuozhao Li , Qingwei Lin , Saravan Rajmohan , Dongmei Zhang

Multimodal Large Language Models (mLLMs) are often used to answer questions in structured data such as tables in Markdown, JSON, and images. While these models can often give correct answers, users also need to know where those answers come…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-18 Yahia Alqurnawi , Preetom Biswas , Anmol Rao , Tejas Anvekar , Chitta Baral , Vivek Gupta

This resource paper addresses the challenge of evaluating Information Retrieval (IR) systems in the era of autoregressive Large Language Models (LLMs). Traditional methods relying on passage-level judgments are no longer effective due to…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Laura Dietz

Trustworthy language models should provide both correct and verifiable answers. However, citations generated directly by standalone LLMs are often unreliable. As a result, current systems insert citations by querying an external retriever…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Yukun Huang , Sanxing Chen , Jian Pei , Manzil Zaheer , Bhuwan Dhingra

Since the introduction of ChatGPT in 2022, Large language models (LLMs) and Large Multimodal Models (LMM) have transformed content creation, enabling the generation of human-quality content, spanning every medium, text, images, videos, and…

Attribution maps are one of the most established tools to explain the functioning of computer vision models. They assign importance scores to input features, indicating how relevant each feature is for the prediction of a deep neural…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Robin Hesse , Simone Schaub-Meyer , Stefan Roth

The rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs) has led to a surge in both model supply and application demands. To facilitate effective matching between them, reliable, generic and efficient benchmark generators are widely needed.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-05 Peiwen Yuan , Shaoxiong Feng , Yiwei Li , Xinglin Wang , Yueqi Zhang , Jiayi Shi , Chuyi Tan , Boyuan Pan , Yao Hu , Kan Li

Interpretability is an important area of research for safe deployment of machine learning systems. One particular type of interpretability method attributes model decisions to input features. Despite active development, quantitative…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-06 Mengjiao Yang , Been Kim

Evaluating progress in large language models (LLMs) is often constrained by the challenge of verifying responses, limiting assessments to tasks like mathematics, programming, and short-form question-answering. However, many real-world…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Zhilin Wang , Jaehun Jung , Ximing Lu , Shizhe Diao , Ellie Evans , Jiaqi Zeng , Pavlo Molchanov , Yejin Choi , Jan Kautz , Yi Dong

Generative AI agents, software systems powered by Large Language Models (LLMs), are emerging as a promising approach to automate cybersecurity tasks. Among the others, penetration testing is a challenging field due to the task complexity…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Luca Gioacchini , Marco Mellia , Idilio Drago , Alexander Delsanto , Giuseppe Siracusano , Roberto Bifulco

While existing benchmarks probe the reasoning abilities of large language models (LLMs) across diverse domains, they predominantly assess passive reasoning, providing models with all the information needed to reach a solution. By contrast,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Zhanke Zhou , Xiao Feng , Zhaocheng Zhu , Jiangchao Yao , Sanmi Koyejo , Bo Han

Large Language Models (LLMs)-based question answering (QA) systems play a critical role in modern AI, demonstrating strong performance across various tasks. However, LLM-generated responses often suffer from hallucinations, unfaithful…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Yuqing Zhao , Ziyao Liu , Yongsen Zheng , Kwok-Yan Lam

The surge in scientific submissions has placed increasing strain on the traditional peer-review process, prompting the exploration of large language models (LLMs) for automated review generation. While LLMs demonstrate competence in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Ruochi Li , Haoxuan Zhang , Edward Gehringer , Ting Xiao , Junhua Ding , Haihua Chen

We present INTEGRALBENCH, a focused benchmark designed to evaluate Large Language Model (LLM) performance on definite integral problems. INTEGRALBENCH provides both symbolic and numerical ground truth solutions with manual difficulty…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Bintao Tang , Xin Yang , Yuhao Wang , Zixuan Qiu , Zimo Ji , Wenyuan Jiang