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Large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable advancements in natural language processing. However, the massive scale and computational demands of these models present formidable challenges when considering their practical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Weize Liu , Guocong Li , Kai Zhang , Bang Du , Qiyuan Chen , Xuming Hu , Hongxia Xu , Jintai Chen , Jian Wu

The reflection capacity of Large Language Model (LLM) has garnered extensive attention. A post-hoc prompting strategy, e.g., reflexion and self-refine, refines LLM's response based on self-evaluated or external feedback. However, recent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-10 Wenqi Zhang , Yongliang Shen , Linjuan Wu , Qiuying Peng , Jun Wang , Yueting Zhuang , Weiming Lu

Self-Consistency, a widely-used decoding strategy, significantly boosts the reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs). However, it depends on the plurality voting rule, which focuses on the most frequent answer while…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Siyuan Huang , Zhiyuan Ma , Jintao Du , Changhua Meng , Weiqiang Wang , Zhouhan Lin

Previous studies proposed that the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs) can be improved through self-reflection, i.e., letting LLMs reflect on their own output to identify and correct mistakes in the initial responses.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Fengyuan Liu , Nouar AlDahoul , Gregory Eady , Yasir Zaki , Talal Rahwan

Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have significantly improved their problem-solving capabilities. However, these models still struggle when faced with complex multi-step reasoning tasks. In this paper, we propose the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-04 André de Souza Loureiro , Jorge Valverde-Rebaza , Julieta Noguez , David Escarcega , Ricardo Marcacini

Large reasoning models (LRMs) have recently demonstrated impressive capabilities in complex reasoning tasks by leveraging increased test-time computation and exhibiting behaviors reminiscent of human-like self-reflection. While LRMs show a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Qingcheng Zeng , Weihao Xuan , Leyang Cui , Rob Voigt

While large language models (LLMs) are proficient at question-answering (QA), it is not always clear how (or even if) an answer follows from their latent "beliefs". This lack of interpretability is a growing impediment to widespread use of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Nora Kassner , Oyvind Tafjord , Ashish Sabharwal , Kyle Richardson , Hinrich Schuetze , Peter Clark

Medical problem-solving demands expert knowledge and intricate reasoning. Recent studies of large language models (LLMs) attempt to ease this complexity by introducing external knowledge verification through retrieval-augmented generation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-19 Yue Huang , Yanyuan Chen , Dexuan Xu , Chenzhuo Zhao , Weihua Yue , Yu Huang

Self-detection for Large Language Models (LLMs) seeks to evaluate the trustworthiness of the LLM's output by leveraging its own capabilities, thereby alleviating the issue of output hallucination. However, existing self-detection approaches…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-30 Moxin Li , Wenjie Wang , Fuli Feng , Fengbin Zhu , Qifan Wang , Tat-Seng Chua

Complex tasks involving tool integration pose significant challenges for Large Language Models (LLMs), leading to the emergence of multi-agent workflows as a promising solution. Reflection has emerged as an effective strategy for correcting…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-06 Zikang Guo , Benfeng Xu , Xiaorui Wang , Zhendong Mao

Large language models (LLMs) have shown promise for generative and knowledge-intensive tasks including question-answering (QA) tasks. However, the practical deployment still faces challenges, notably the issue of "hallucination", where…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-11 Ziwei Ji , Tiezheng Yu , Yan Xu , Nayeon Lee , Etsuko Ishii , Pascale Fung

Large Language Models (LLMs) have succeeded remarkably in various natural language processing (NLP) tasks, yet their reasoning capabilities remain a fundamental challenge. While LLMs exhibit impressive fluency and factual recall, their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Avinash Patil , Aryan Jadon

Recently, large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in natural language processing tasks, yet they remain prone to hallucinations when reasoning with insufficient internal knowledge. While integrating LLMs with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Jiajun Zhu , Ye Liu , Meikai Bao , Kai Zhang , Yanghai Zhang , Qi Liu

Reflection, the ability of large language models (LLMs) to evaluate and revise their own reasoning, has been widely used to improve performance on complex reasoning tasks. Yet, most prior works emphasizes designing reflective prompting…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-12 Fu-Chieh Chang , Yu-Ting Lee , Pei-Yuan Wu

Language Models (LMs) have shown impressive performance in various natural language tasks. However, when it comes to natural language reasoning, LMs still face challenges such as hallucination, generating incorrect intermediate reasoning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-20 Deepak Nathani , David Wang , Liangming Pan , William Yang Wang

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in vision-language answering tasks. Despite their strengths, these models often encounter challenges in achieving complex reasoning tasks such as…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Jinhao Chen , Zhen Yang , Jianxin Shi , Tianyu Wo , Jie Tang

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have shown promising capabilities in reasoning tasks, yet still struggle with complex problems requiring explicit self-reflection and self-correction, especially compared to their unimodal text-based…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Zhongwei Wan , Zhihao Dou , Che Liu , Yu Zhang , Dongfei Cui , Qinjian Zhao , Hui Shen , Jing Xiong , Yi Xin , Yifan Jiang , Chaofan Tao , Yangfan He , Mi Zhang , Shen Yan

In the era of Vision-Language Models (VLMs), enhancing multimodal reasoning capabilities remains a critical challenge, particularly in handling ambiguous or complex visual inputs, where initial inferences often lead to hallucinations or…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Haoyu Zhang , Yuwei Wu , Pengxiang Li , Xintong Zhang , Zhi Gao , Rui Gao , Mingyang Gao , Che Sun , Yunde Jia

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly explored for legal argument generation, yet they pose significant risks of manipulation through hallucination and ungrounded persuasion, and often fail to utilize provided factual bases…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Li Zhang , Kevin D. Ashley

LLMs have shown the capacity to improve their performance on reasoning tasks through reflecting on their mistakes, and acting with these reflections in mind. However, continual reflections of the same LLM onto itself exhibit degeneration of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-25 Onat Ozer , Grace Wu , Yuchen Wang , Daniel Dosti , Honghao Zhang , Vivi De La Rue
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