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Related papers: COBIAS: Assessing the Contextual Reliability of Bi…

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We introduce context augmentation, a data-augmentation approach that uses large language models (LLMs) to generate contexts around observed strings as a means of facilitating valid frequentist inference. These generated contexts serve to…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-07-01 Marc Ratkovic

Aligning large language models (LLMs) with human values is essential for their safe deployment and widespread adoption. Current LLM safety benchmarks often focus solely on the refusal of individual problematic queries, which overlooks the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-10 Guangzhi Sun , Xiao Zhan , Shutong Feng , Philip C. Woodland , Jose Such

Large language models (LLMs) have rapidly become indispensable tools for acquiring information and supporting human decision-making. However, ensuring that these models uphold fairness across varied contexts is critical to their safe and…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Xulang Zhang , Rui Mao , Erik Cambria

While Large Language Models (LLMs) have become ubiquitous in many fields, understanding and mitigating LLM biases is an ongoing issue. This paper provides a novel method for evaluating the demographic biases of various generative AI models.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Jack H Fagan , Ruhaan Juyaal , Amy Yue-Ming Yu , Siya Pun

Despite growing interest in using Large Language Models (LLMs) for educational assessment, it remains unclear how closely they align with human scoring. We present a systematic evaluation of instruction-tuned LLMs across three open…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Filip J. Kucia , Anirban Chakraborty , Anna Wróblewska

Recent literature has suggested the potential of using large language models (LLMs) to make classifications for tabular tasks. However, LLMs have been shown to exhibit harmful social biases that reflect the stereotypes and inequalities…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-04 Yanchen Liu , Srishti Gautam , Jiaqi Ma , Himabindu Lakkaraju

Is an LLM telling you different facts than it's telling me? This paper introduces ConsistencyAI, an independent benchmark for measuring the factual consistency of large language models (LLMs) for different personas. ConsistencyAI tests…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Peter Banyas , Shristi Sharma , Alistair Simmons , Atharva Vispute

We present a novel statistical framework for analyzing stereotypes in large language models (LLMs) by systematically estimating the bias and variation in their generation. Current alignment evaluation metrics often overlook stereotypes'…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Yiran Liu , Ke Yang , Zehan Qi , Xiao Liu , Yang Yu , ChengXiang Zhai

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated their capabilities across various tasks, from language translation to complex reasoning. Understanding and predicting human behavior and biases are crucial for artificial intelligence (AI)…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-06 Thuy Ngoc Nguyen , Kasturi Jamale , Cleotilde Gonzalez

This study introduces a prescriptive annotation benchmark grounded in humanities research to ensure consistent, unbiased labeling of offensive language, particularly for casual and non-mainstream language uses. We contribute two newly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Xinmeng Hou

Although Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate remarkable reasoning capabilities, inherent social biases often cascade throughout the Chain-of-Thought (CoT) process, leading to continuous "Bias Propagation". Existing debiasing methods…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Xuan Feng , Shuai Zhao , Luwei Xiao , Tianlong Gu , Bo An

Developing large language models is expensive and involves making decisions with small experiments, typically by evaluating on large, multi-task evaluation suites. In this work, we analyze specific properties which make a benchmark more…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-19 David Heineman , Valentin Hofmann , Ian Magnusson , Yuling Gu , Noah A. Smith , Hannaneh Hajishirzi , Kyle Lo , Jesse Dodge

Recently, there has been an increase in efforts to understand how large language models (LLMs) propagate and amplify social biases. Several works have utilized templates for fairness evaluation, which allow researchers to quantify social…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-11 Preethi Seshadri , Pouya Pezeshkpour , Sameer Singh

Semantic consistency of a language model is broadly defined as the model's ability to produce semantically-equivalent outputs, given semantically-equivalent inputs. We address the task of assessing question-answering (QA) semantic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-03 Ella Rabinovich , Samuel Ackerman , Orna Raz , Eitan Farchi , Ateret Anaby-Tavor

As Large Language Models (LLMs) become deeply integrated into human life and increasingly influence decision-making, it's crucial to evaluate whether and to what extent they exhibit subjective preferences, opinions, and beliefs. These…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-27 George Kour , Itay Nakash , Ateret Anaby-Tavor , Michal Shmueli-Scheuer

Large language models (LLMs) inherit biases from their training data and alignment processes, influencing their responses in subtle ways. While many studies have examined these biases, little work has explored their robustness during…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-06 Virgile Rennard , Christos Xypolopoulos , Michalis Vazirgiannis

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used for conversational clinical decision support, yet they conflate next token prediction with probabilistic decision making. We argue that this conflation reflects an architectural limitation:…

Large language models (LLMs) are now widely deployed in user-facing applications, reaching hundreds of millions worldwide. As they become integrated into everyday tasks, growing reliance on their outputs raises significant concerns. In…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Robin Staab , Jasper Dekoninck , Maximilian Baader , Martin Vechev

While biases in large language models (LLMs), such as stereotypes and cultural tendencies in outputs, have been examined and identified, their presence and characteristics in spoken dialogue models (SDMs) with audio input and output remain…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Yihao Wu , Tianrui Wang , Yizhou Peng , Yi-Wen Chao , Xuyi Zhuang , Xinsheng Wang , Shunshun Yin , Ziyang Ma

Bias and fairness risks in Large Language Models (LLMs) vary substantially across deployment contexts, yet existing approaches lack systematic guidance for selecting appropriate evaluation metrics. We present a decision framework that maps…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Dylan Bouchard