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The rapid advancements in large language models (LLMs) have greatly expanded the potential for automated code-related tasks. Two primary methodologies are used in this domain: prompt engineering and fine-tuning. Prompt engineering involves…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Jiho Shin , Clark Tang , Tahmineh Mohati , Maleknaz Nayebi , Song Wang , Hadi Hemmati

Prompt design and engineering has rapidly become essential for maximizing the potential of large language models. In this paper, we introduce core concepts, advanced techniques like Chain-of-Thought and Reflection, and the principles behind…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Xavier Amatriain

Generative large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated exceptional proficiency in various natural language processing (NLP) tasks, including machine translation, question answering, text summarization, and natural language understanding.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Nooshin Pourkamali , Shler Ebrahim Sharifi

Large language models (LLMs) require well-crafted prompts for effective use. Prompt engineering, the process of designing prompts, is challenging, particularly for non-experts who are less familiar with AI technologies. While researchers…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-01-29 Zijie J. Wang , Aishwarya Chakravarthy , David Munechika , Duen Horng Chau

Prompt engineering is a technique that involves augmenting a large pre-trained model with task-specific hints, known as prompts, to adapt the model to new tasks. Prompts can be created manually as natural language instructions or generated…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-25 Jindong Gu , Zhen Han , Shuo Chen , Ahmad Beirami , Bailan He , Gengyuan Zhang , Ruotong Liao , Yao Qin , Volker Tresp , Philip Torr

Software documentation is essential for program comprehension, developer onboarding, code review, and long-term maintenance. Yet producing quality documentation manually is time-consuming and frequently yields incomplete or inconsistent…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Afia Farjana , Zaiyu Cheng , Antonio Mastropaolo

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly applied to automate software engineering tasks, including the generation of UML class diagrams from natural language descriptions. While prior work demonstrates that LLMs can produce…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Rabia Iftikhar , Andreas Rausch

Large Language Models, particularly decoder-only generative models such as GPT, are increasingly used to automate Software Engineering tasks. These models are primarily guided through natural language prompts, making prompt engineering a…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Alexander Korn , Lea Zaruchas , Chetan Arora , Andreas Metzger , Sven Smolka , Fanyu Wang , Andreas Vogelsang

Large language models (LLMs) enable system builders today to create competent NLP systems through prompting, where they only need to describe the task in natural language and provide a few examples. However, in other ways, LLMs are a step…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-24 Vijay Viswanathan , Chenyang Zhao , Amanda Bertsch , Tongshuang Wu , Graham Neubig

Large language models (LLMs) are incredibly powerful at comprehending and generating data in the form of text, but are brittle and error-prone. There has been an advent of toolkits and recipes centered around so-called prompt…

Databases · Computer Science 2023-08-09 Aditya G. Parameswaran , Shreya Shankar , Parth Asawa , Naman Jain , Yujie Wang

Large language model (LLM) performance depends heavily on prompt design, yet prompt construction is often described and applied inconsistently. Our purpose was to derive a reference framework for structuring LLM prompts. This paper presents…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-17 David A. Cook

Leveraging large language models (LLMs) for complex natural language tasks typically requires long-form prompts to convey detailed requirements and information, which results in increased memory usage and inference costs. To mitigate these…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Zongqian Li , Yinhong Liu , Yixuan Su , Nigel Collier

Large Language Models are transforming software engineering, yet prompt management in practice remains ad hoc, hindering reliability, reuse, and integration into industrial workflows. We present Prompt-with-Me, a practical solution for…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Ziyou Li , Agnia Sergeyuk , Maliheh Izadi

Since the launch of ChatGPT, a powerful AI Chatbot developed by OpenAI, large language models (LLMs) have made significant advancements in both academia and industry, bringing about a fundamental engineering paradigm shift in many areas.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-11-22 Xiaoxia Liu , Jingyi Wang , Jun Sun , Xiaohan Yuan , Guoliang Dong , Peng Di , Wenhai Wang , Dongxia Wang

This paper assesses the potential for large language models (LLMs) to serve as assistive tools in the creative writing process, by means of a single, in-depth case study. In the course of the study, we develop interactive and multi-voice…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-08 Murray Shanahan , Catherine Clarke

Access to large amounts of diverse design solutions can support designers during the early stage of the design process. In this paper, we explore the efficacy of large language models (LLM) in producing diverse design solutions,…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Kevin Ma , Daniele Grandi , Christopher McComb , Kosa Goucher-Lambert

Large Language Models (LLMs) are gaining momentum in software development with prompt-driven programming enabling developers to create code from natural language (NL) instructions. However, studies have questioned their ability to produce…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-02-27 Catherine Tony , Nicolás E. Díaz Ferreyra , Markus Mutas , Salem Dhiff , Riccardo Scandariato

The widespread adoption of large language models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT, Gemini, and DeepSeek has significantly changed how people approach tasks in education, professional work, and creative domains. This paper investigates how the…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-08-29 Rizal Khoirul Anam

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) equip pre-trained large-language models (LLMs) with visual capabilities. While textual prompting in LLMs has been widely studied, visual prompting has emerged for more fine-grained and free-form…

Large Language Models (LLMs) perform best with well-crafted prompts, yet prompt engineering remains manual, inconsistent, and inaccessible to non-experts. We introduce Promptomatix, an automatic prompt optimization framework that transforms…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-28 Rithesh Murthy , Ming Zhu , Liangwei Yang , Jielin Qiu , Juntao Tan , Shelby Heinecke , Caiming Xiong , Silvio Savarese , Huan Wang