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With the rapid development of artificial intelligence, large language models (LLMs) have made remarkable advancements in natural language processing. These models are trained on vast datasets to exhibit powerful language understanding and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Shang Wang , Tianqing Zhu , Bo Liu , Ming Ding , Dayong Ye , Wanlei Zhou , Philip S. Yu

Over the past decade, there has been extensive research aimed at enhancing the robustness of neural networks, yet this problem remains vastly unsolved. Here, one major impediment has been the overestimation of the robustness of new defense…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Leo Schwinn , David Dobre , Stephan Günnemann , Gauthier Gidel

With the rise of advanced reasoning capabilities, large language models (LLMs) are receiving increasing attention. However, although reasoning improves LLMs' performance on downstream tasks, it also introduces new security risks, as…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Man Hu , Xinyi Wu , Zuofeng Suo , Jinbo Feng , Linghui Meng , Yanhao Jia , Anh Tuan Luu , Shuai Zhao

Large Language Models (LLMs) are powerful tools with profound societal impacts, yet their ability to generate responses to diverse and uncontrolled inputs leaves them vulnerable to adversarial attacks. While existing defenses often struggle…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Samuel Simko , Mrinmaya Sachan , Bernhard Schölkopf , Zhijing Jin

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable progress in the field of natural language processing (NLP), demonstrating remarkable abilities in producing text that resembles human language for various tasks. This opens up new…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Jianghao Lin , Xinyi Dai , Rong Shan , Bo Chen , Ruiming Tang , Yong Yu , Weinan Zhang

Large language models (LLM) not only have revolutionized the field of natural language processing (NLP) but also have the potential to reshape many other fields, e.g., recommender systems (RS). However, most of the related work treats an…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Lei Li , Yongfeng Zhang , Dugang Liu , Li Chen

Large Language Models (LLMs) have recently emerged as powerful tools in cybersecurity, offering advanced capabilities in malware detection, generation, and real-time monitoring. Numerous studies have explored their application in…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-11 Hamed Jelodar , Samita Bai , Parisa Hamedi , Hesamodin Mohammadian , Roozbeh Razavi-Far , Ali Ghorbani

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown exceptional results on current benchmarks when working individually. The advancement in their capabilities, along with a reduction in parameter size and inference times, has facilitated the use of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-27 Alfonso Amayuelas , Xianjun Yang , Antonis Antoniades , Wenyue Hua , Liangming Pan , William Wang

Social media influence campaigns pose significant challenges to public discourse and democracy. Traditional detection methods fall short due to the complexity and dynamic nature of social media. Addressing this, we propose a novel detection…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2023-11-15 Luca Luceri , Eric Boniardi , Emilio Ferrara

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance across various natural language processing tasks. Recently, several LLMs-based pipelines have been developed to enhance learning on graphs with text attributes,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-30 Kai Guo , Zewen Liu , Zhikai Chen , Hongzhi Wen , Wei Jin , Jiliang Tang , Yi Chang

With the prosperity of e-commerce and web applications, Recommender Systems (RecSys) have become an important component of our daily life, providing personalized suggestions that cater to user preferences. While Deep Neural Networks (DNNs)…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Zihuai Zhao , Wenqi Fan , Jiatong Li , Yunqing Liu , Xiaowei Mei , Yiqi Wang , Zhen Wen , Fei Wang , Xiangyu Zhao , Jiliang Tang , Qing Li

Large language models (LLMs), known for their capability in understanding and following instructions, are vulnerable to adversarial attacks. Researchers have found that current commercial LLMs either fail to be "harmless" by presenting…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-10-05 Bocheng Chen , Advait Paliwal , Qiben Yan

Command injection vulnerabilities are a significant security threat in dynamic languages like Python, particularly in widely used open-source projects where security issues can have extensive impact. With the proven effectiveness of Large…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Yuxuan Wang , Jingshu Chen , Qingyang Wang

The widespread adoption of Large Language Models (LLMs), exemplified by OpenAI's ChatGPT, brings to the forefront the imperative to defend against adversarial threats on these models. These attacks, which manipulate an LLM's output by…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-04 Amelia Kawasaki , Andrew Davis , Houssam Abbas

Large Language Models (LLMs) have recently demonstrated strong emergent abilities in complex reasoning and zero-shot generalization, showing unprecedented potential for LLM-as-a-judge applications in education, peer review, and data quality…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-20 Xuyang Guo , Zekai Huang , Zhao Song , Jiahao Zhang

Traditional recommender systems leverage users' item preference history to recommend novel content that users may like. However, modern dialog interfaces that allow users to express language-based preferences offer a fundamentally different…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-07-27 Scott Sanner , Krisztian Balog , Filip Radlinski , Ben Wedin , Lucas Dixon

Although Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities across a wide range of tasks, growing concerns have emerged over the misuse of sensitive, copyrighted, or harmful data during training. To address these…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Jie Ren , Zhenwei Dai , Xianfeng Tang , Yue Xing , Shenglai Zeng , Hui Liu , Jingying Zeng , Qiankun Peng , Samarth Varshney , Suhang Wang , Qi He , Charu C. Aggarwal , Hui Liu

Scholarly peer review is a cornerstone of scientific advancement, but the system is under strain due to increasing manuscript submissions and the labor-intensive nature of the process. Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Rui Ye , Xianghe Pang , Jingyi Chai , Jiaao Chen , Zhenfei Yin , Zhen Xiang , Xiaowen Dong , Jing Shao , Siheng Chen

In this study, we propose a homotopy-inspired prompt obfuscation framework to enhance understanding of security and safety vulnerabilities in Large Language Models (LLMs). By systematically applying carefully engineered prompts, we…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Luis Lazo , Hamed Jelodar , Roozbeh Razavi-Far

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed as educational agents for automatic short answer grading (ASAG) in real-world educational environments, significantly boosting assessment efficiency and scalability. However, when these…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Xueyi Li , Zhuoneng Zhou , Zitao Liu , Yongdong Wu