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Related papers: Fine-Tuning Enhances Existing Mechanisms: A Case S…

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Fine-tuning and in-context learning (ICL) are two prevalent methods in imbuing large language models with task-specific knowledge. It is commonly believed that fine-tuning can surpass ICL given sufficient training samples as it allows the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Qingyu Yin , Xuzheng He , Luoao Deng , Chak Tou Leong , Fan Wang , Yanzhao Yan , Xiaoyu Shen , Qiang Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used in decision-making contexts, but when they present answers without signaling low confidence, users may unknowingly act on erroneous outputs. Prior work shows that LLMs maintain internal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Mark Steyvers , Catarina Belem , Padhraic Smyth

Code generation and understanding are critical capabilities for large language models (LLMs). Thus, most LLMs are pretrained and fine-tuned on code data. However, these datasets typically treat code as static strings and rarely exploit the…

To improve the performance on a target task, researchers have fine-tuned language models with an intermediate task before the target task of interest. However, previous works have focused on the pre-trained language models and downstream…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Qihong Chen , Jiawei Li , Hyunjae Suh , Lianghao Jiang , Zheng Zhou , Jingze Chen , Jiri Gesi , Iftekhar Ahmed

Pre-trained language models can be fine-tuned to solve diverse NLP tasks, including in few-shot settings. Thus fine-tuning allows the model to quickly pick up task-specific ``skills,'' but there has been limited study of where these…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-04 Abhishek Panigrahi , Nikunj Saunshi , Haoyu Zhao , Sanjeev Arora

Rich textual and topological information of textual graphs need to be modeled in real-world applications such as webpages, e-commerce, and academic articles. Practitioners have been long following the path of adopting a shallow text encoder…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-25 Yun Zhu , Yaoke Wang , Haizhou Shi , Siliang Tang

Understanding the internal mechanisms of large language models (LLMs) remains a challenging and complex endeavor. Even fundamental questions, such as how fine-tuning affects model behavior, often require extensive empirical evaluation. In…

Recent parameter-efficient language model tuning (PELT) methods manage to match the performance of fine-tuning with much fewer trainable parameters and perform especially well when training data is limited. However, different PELT methods…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-09-07 Yuning Mao , Lambert Mathias , Rui Hou , Amjad Almahairi , Hao Ma , Jiawei Han , Wen-tau Yih , Madian Khabsa

Learner-item cognitive modeling plays a central role in the web-based online intelligent education system by enabling cognitive diagnosis (CD) across diverse online educational scenarios. Although ID embedding remains the mainstream…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Yuanhao Liu , Zihan Zhou , Kaiying Wu , Shuo Liu , Yiyang Huang , Jiajun Guo , Aimin Zhou , Hong Qian

Recently, fine-tuning pre-trained code models such as CodeBERT on downstream tasks has achieved great success in many software testing and analysis tasks. While effective and prevalent, fine-tuning the pre-trained parameters incurs a large…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-04-12 Ensheng Shi , Yanlin Wang , Hongyu Zhang , Lun Du , Shi Han , Dongmei Zhang , Hongbin Sun

Previous research has shown that fine-tuning language models on general tasks enhance their underlying mechanisms. However, the impact of fine-tuning on poisoned data and the resulting changes in these mechanisms are poorly understood. This…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-05 Vishnu Kabir Chhabra , Ding Zhu , Mohammad Mahdi Khalili

Pre-trained models have brought significant improvements to many NLP tasks and have been extensively analyzed. But little is known about the effect of fine-tuning on specific tasks. Intuitively, people may agree that a pre-trained model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-06-03 Jie Cai , Zhengzhou Zhu , Ping Nie , Qian Liu

Current large language models can perform reasonably well on complex tasks that require step-by-step reasoning with few-shot learning. Are these models applying reasoning skills they have learnt during pre-training and reason outside of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-02 Ping Yu , Tianlu Wang , Olga Golovneva , Badr AlKhamissi , Siddharth Verma , Zhijing Jin , Gargi Ghosh , Mona Diab , Asli Celikyilmaz

Large Language Models (LLMs) fine-tuned for specific domains exhibit strong performance; however, the underlying mechanisms by which this fine-tuning reshapes their parametric space are not well understood. Prior works primarily focus on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Eshaan Tanwar , Deepak Nathani , William Yang Wang , Tanmoy Chakraborty

The pretrained large language models (LLMs) are finetuned with labeled data for better instruction following ability and alignment with human values. In this paper, we study the learning dynamics of LLM finetuning on reasoning tasks and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Zhiwen Ruan , Yun Chen , Yutao Hou , Peng Li , Yang Liu , Guanhua Chen

Fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) has become essential for adapting pretrained models to specific downstream tasks. In this paper, we propose Linear Chain Transformation (LinChain), a novel approach that introduces a sequence of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-04 Yulong Wang , Chang Zuo , Yin Xuan , Hong Li , Ni Wei

Language Models are the underpin of all modern Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks. The introduction of the Transformers architecture has contributed significantly into making Language Modeling very effective across many NLP task,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-11-05 Nikolaos Stylianou , Ioannis Vlahavas

Fine-tuning is a promising technique for leveraging Transformer-based language models in downstream tasks. As model sizes continue to grow, updating all model parameters becomes increasingly costly. Parameter-efficient fine-tuning methods…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-27 Xiaoshuang Ji , Zhendong Zhao , Xiaojun Chen , Xin Zhao , Zeyao Liu

Many recent works on Entity Resolution (ER) leverage Deep Learning techniques involving language models to improve effectiveness. This is applied to both main steps of ER, i.e., blocking and matching. Several pre-trained embeddings have…

Databases · Computer Science 2023-04-26 Alexandros Zeakis , George Papadakis , Dimitrios Skoutas , Manolis Koubarakis

Fine-tuning lets practitioners repurpose aligned large language models (LLMs) for new domains, yet recent work reveals emergent misalignment (EMA): Even a small, domain-specific fine-tune can induce harmful behaviors far outside the target…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-06 David Kaczér , Magnus Jørgenvåg , Clemens Vetter , Esha Afzal , Robin Haselhorst , Lucie Flek , Florian Mai