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Related papers: 2D Matryoshka Sentence Embeddings

200 papers

Large language models (LLMs) have recently garnered significant interest. With in-context learning, LLMs achieve impressive results in various natural language tasks. However, the application of LLMs to sentence embeddings remains an area…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-01 Ting Jiang , Shaohan Huang , Zhongzhi Luan , Deqing Wang , Fuzhen Zhuang

Adapting pre-trained text Large Language Models (LLMs) into Speech Language Models (Speech LMs) via continual pretraining on speech data is promising, but often degrades the original text capabilities. We propose Multimodal Depth Upscaling,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Kazuki Yano , Jun Suzuki , Shinji Watanabe

State Space Models (SSMs) like Mamba2 are a promising alternative to Transformers, with faster theoretical training and inference times -- especially for long context lengths. Recent work on Matryoshka Representation Learning -- and its…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Abhinav Shukla , Sai Vemprala , Aditya Kusupati , Ashish Kapoor

Fixed-dimensional speaker embeddings have become the dominant approach in speaker modeling, typically spanning hundreds to thousands of dimensions. These dimensions are hyperparameters that are not specifically picked, nor are they…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-25 Shuai Wang , Pengcheng Zhu , Haizhou Li

Audio-Visual Speech Recognition (AVSR) leverages audio and visual modalities to improve robustness in noisy environments. Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) show strong performance in speech recognition, including AVSR.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Umberto Cappellazzo , Minsu Kim , Stavros Petridis

Despite recent advancements in language and vision modeling, integrating rich multimodal knowledge into recommender systems continues to pose significant challenges. This is primarily due to the need for efficient recommendation, which…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-10-03 Yueqi Wang , Zhenrui Yue , Huimin Zeng , Dong Wang , Julian McAuley

We propose new static word embeddings optimised for sentence semantic representation. We first extract word embeddings from a pre-trained Sentence Transformer, and improve them with sentence-level principal component analysis, followed by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Takashi Wada , Yuki Hirakawa , Ryotaro Shimizu , Takahiro Kawashima , Yuki Saito

Pre-trained transformer models shine in many natural language processing tasks and therefore are expected to bear the representation of the input sentence or text meaning. These sentence-level embeddings are also important in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Lukas Stankevičius , Mantas Lukoševičius

Sentence embeddings produced by Pretrained Language Models (PLMs) have received wide attention from the NLP community due to their superior performance when representing texts in numerous downstream applications. However, the high…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-22 Gaifan Zhang , Yi Zhou , Danushka Bollegala

Recently, large language models (LLMs) have emerged as a groundbreaking technology and their unparalleled text generation capabilities have sparked interest in their application to the fundamental sentence representation learning task.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-20 Huiming Wang , Zhaodonghui Li , Liying Cheng , Soh De Wen , Lidong Bing

Learning sentence embeddings is a fundamental problem in natural language processing. While existing research primarily focuses on enhancing the quality of sentence embeddings, the exploration of sentence embedding dimensions is limited.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-25 Hongwei Wang , Hongming Zhang , Dong Yu

Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) such as LLaVA have shown strong performance in visual-linguistic reasoning. These models first embed images into a fixed large number of visual tokens and then feed them into a Large Language Model (LLM).…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-30 Mu Cai , Jianwei Yang , Jianfeng Gao , Yong Jae Lee

Semantically meaningful sentence embeddings are important for numerous tasks in natural language processing. To obtain such embeddings, recent studies explored the idea of utilizing synthetically generated data from pretrained language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-08-31 Taehee Kim , ChaeHun Park , Jimin Hong , Radhika Dua , Edward Choi , Jaegul Choo

Pre-trained language models (PLMs) have consistently demonstrated outstanding performance across a diverse spectrum of natural language processing tasks. Nevertheless, despite their success with unseen data, current PLM-based…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Javad Rafiei Asl , Prajwal Panzade , Eduardo Blanco , Daniel Takabi , Zhipeng Cai

The latest advancements in unsupervised learning of sentence embeddings predominantly involve employing contrastive learning-based (CL-based) fine-tuning over pre-trained language models. In this study, we analyze the latest sentence…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-21 Euna Jung , Jaeill Kim , Jungmin Ko , Jinwoo Park , Wonjong Rhee

This paper develops a model that addresses sentence embedding, a hot topic in current natural language processing research, using recurrent neural networks with Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) cells. Due to its ability to capture long term…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-11-18 Hamid Palangi , Li Deng , Yelong Shen , Jianfeng Gao , Xiaodong He , Jianshu Chen , Xinying Song , Rabab Ward

Sentence-level representations are necessary for various NLP tasks. Recurrent neural networks have proven to be very effective in learning distributed representations and can be trained efficiently on natural language inference tasks. We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-08-15 Aarne Talman , Anssi Yli-Jyrä , Jörg Tiedemann

Sentence Embedding stands as a fundamental task within the realm of Natural Language Processing, finding extensive application in search engines, expert systems, and question-and-answer platforms. With the continuous evolution of large…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-16 Bowen Zhang , Kehua Chang , Chunping Li

Embedding-based retrieval models have made significant strides in retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) techniques for text and multimodal large language models (LLMs) applications. However, when it comes to speech larage language models…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-11 Chunyu Sun , Bingyu Liu , Zhichao Cui , Junhan Shi , Anbin Qi , Tian-hao Zhang , Dinghao Zhou , Lewei Lu

Sentence embeddings can be decoded to give approximations of the original texts used to create them. We explore this effect in the context of text simplification, demonstrating that reconstructed text embeddings preserve complexity levels.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Matthew Shardlow