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Although quantum random number generators rely on the inherent indeterminism of quantum mechanics, ensuring that the numbers produced are secure remains a significant challenge. We introduce two semi-device-independent randomness expansion…
We present the realization of a physical quantum random number generator based on the process of splitting a beam of photons on a beam splitter, a quantum mechanical source of true randomness. By utilizing either a beam splitter or a…
Random number generation is an enabling technology for fields as varied as Monte Carlo simulations and quantum information science. An important application is a secure quantum key distribution (QKD) system; here, we propose and demonstrate…
An extractor is a function E that is used to extract randomness. Given an imperfect random source X and a uniform seed Y, the output E(X,Y) is close to uniform. We study properties of such functions in the presence of prior quantum…
We implement a quantum random number generator based on a balanced homodyne measurement of vacuum fluctuations of the electromagnetic field. The digitized signal is directly processed with a fast randomness extraction scheme based on a…
A simple protocol which takes advantage of the inherent random times of detections in single photon counting modules is presented for random active basis choices when using entanglement-based protocols for Quantum Key Distribution (QKD). It…
Quantum random number generators (QRNGs) promise perfectly unpredictable random numbers. However, the security certification of the random numbers in form of a stochastic model often introduces assumptions that are either hardly justified…
Random number generators are essential to ensure performance in information technologies, including cryptography, stochastic simulations and massive data processing. The quality of random numbers ultimately determines the security and…
Quantum mechanics offers a fundamentally unpredictable entropy source due to the intrinsic probabilistic nature of quantum measurements, making it attractive for secure random number generation. This paper explores the practicality of…
Min-entropy sampling gives a bound on the min-entropy of a randomly chosen subset of a string, given a bound on the min-entropy of the whole string. K\"onig and Renner showed a min-entropy sampling theorem that holds relative to quantum…
Quantum-proof randomness extractors are an important building block for classical and quantum cryptography as well as device independent randomness amplification and expansion. Furthermore they are also a useful tool in quantum Shannon…
We study the problem of constructing multi-source extractors in the quantum setting, which extract almost uniform random bits against quantum side information collected from several initially independent classical random sources. This is a…
We report a demonstration of a high-entropy optical quantum random number generator (QRNG) based on photon arrival time. We have implemented the scheme with high-speed and high-precision electronics with a time resolution of 1 ps generating…
We describe a methodology and standard of proof for experimental claims of quantum random number generation (QRNG), analogous to well-established methods from precision measurement. For appropriately constructed physical implementations,…
Quantum random number generators (QRNG) represent an advanced solution for randomness generation, essential in every cryptographic applications. In this context, integrated arrays of single photon detectors have promising applications as…
Quantum random number generators (QRNGs) can provide genuine randomness based on the inherent unpredictable nature of quantum physics. The extracted randomness relies not only on the physical parts of the QRNG, such as the entropy source…
We present a random number generation scheme based on measuring the phase fluctuations of a laser with a simple and compact experimental setup. A simple model is established to analyze the randomness and the simulation result based on this…
Even if the output of a Random Number Generator (RNG) is perfectly uniformly distributed, it may be correlated to pre-existing information and therefore be predictable. Statistical tests are thus not sufficient to guarantee that an RNG is…
Randomness is a fundamental feature of quantum mechanics, which is an invaluable resource for both classical and quantum technologies. Practical quantum random number generators (QRNG) usually need to trust their devices, but their security…
Random numbers are central to various applications such as secure communications, quantum key distribution theory (QKD), statistics, and other tasks. One of today's most popular generators is quantum random numbers (QRNGs). The inherent…