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Many real-world problems, such as airfoil design, involve optimizing a black-box expensive objective function over complex structured input space (e.g., discrete space or non-Euclidean space). By mapping the complex structured input space…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-01-24 Zhendong Guo , Haitao Liu , Yew-Soon Ong , Xinghua Qu , Yuzhe Zhang , Jianmin Zheng

This work introduces Variational Diffusion Distillation (VDD), a novel method that distills denoising diffusion policies into Mixtures of Experts (MoE) through variational inference. Diffusion Models are the current state-of-the-art in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Hongyi Zhou , Denis Blessing , Ge Li , Onur Celik , Xiaogang Jia , Gerhard Neumann , Rudolf Lioutikov

Preference learning has garnered extensive attention as an effective technique for aligning diffusion models with human preferences in visual generation. However, existing alignment approaches such as Diffusion-DPO suffer from two…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Xiaomeng Yang , Mengping Yang , Junyan Wang , Zhijian Zhou , Zhiyu Tan , Hao Li

Direct preference optimization (DPO) methods have shown strong potential in aligning text-to-image diffusion models with human preferences by training on paired comparisons. These methods improve training stability by avoiding the REINFORCE…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Yi-Lun Wu , Bo-Kai Ruan , Chiang Tseng , Hong-Han Shuai

Score-based generative models (SGMs) have revolutionized the field of generative modeling, achieving unprecedented success in generating realistic and diverse content. Despite empirical advances, the theoretical basis for why optimizing the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-30 Gen Li , Yuling Yan

Diffusion models (DMs) have emerged as powerful tools for modeling complex data distributions and generating realistic new samples. Over the years, advanced architectures and sampling methods have been developed to make these models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-11 Roi Benita , Michael Elad , Joseph Keshet

Diffusion-based policies have gained growing popularity in solving a wide range of decision-making tasks due to their superior expressiveness and controllable generation during inference. However, effectively training large diffusion…

Inverse design problems are common in engineering and materials science. The forward direction, i.e., computing output quantities from design parameters, typically requires running a numerical simulation, such as a FEM, as an intermediate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-18 Jens U. Kreber , Christian Weißenfels , Joerg Stueckler

Diffusion models have demonstrated remarkable success in various image generation tasks, but their performance is often limited by the uniform processing of inputs across varying conditions and noise levels. To address this limitation, we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-19 Minglei Shi , Ziyang Yuan , Haotian Yang , Xintao Wang , Mingwu Zheng , Xin Tao , Wenliang Zhao , Wenzhao Zheng , Jie Zhou , Jiwen Lu , Pengfei Wan , Di Zhang , Kun Gai

Diffusion policies, widely adopted in decision-making scenarios such as robotics, gaming and autonomous driving, are capable of learning diverse skills from demonstration data due to their high representation power. However, the sub-optimal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Ningyuan Yang , Jiaxuan Gao , Feng Gao , Yi Wu , Chao Yu

We introduce a novel alignment method for diffusion models from distribution optimization perspectives while providing rigorous convergence guarantees. We first formulate the problem as a generic regularized loss minimization over…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-07 Ryotaro Kawata , Kazusato Oko , Atsushi Nitanda , Taiji Suzuki

Diffusion models have shown incredible capabilities as generative models; indeed, they power the current state-of-the-art models on text-conditioned image generation such as Imagen and DALL-E 2. In this work we review, demystify, and unify…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-26 Calvin Luo

Diffusion autoencoders (DAs) are variants of diffusion generative models that use an input-dependent latent variable to capture representations alongside the diffusion process. These representations, to varying extents, can be used for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Magdalena Proszewska , Nikolay Malkin , N. Siddharth

Diffusion models are increasingly used as powerful conditional generators, yet real deployments often involve multiple target distributions arising from different tasks, e.g., diverse prompt domains in text-to-image generation, or multiple…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Ziheng Cheng , Yixiao Huang , Hanlin Zhu , Haoran Geng , Somayeh Sojoudi , Jitendra Malik , Pieter Abbeel , Xin Guo

Offline decision-making via diffusion models often produces trajectories that are misaligned with system dynamics, limiting their reliability for control. We propose Model Predictive Diffuser (MPDiffuser), a compositional diffusion…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Haldun Balim , Na Li , Yilun Du

Inverse problems (IPs) involve reconstructing signals from noisy observations. Recently, diffusion models (DMs) have emerged as a powerful framework for solving IPs, achieving remarkable reconstruction performance. However, existing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-05 Yang Zheng , Wen Li , Zhaoqiang Liu

Recent deep models for solving routing problems always assume a single distribution of nodes for training, which severely impairs their cross-distribution generalization ability. In this paper, we exploit group distributionally robust…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-16 Yuan Jiang , Yaoxin Wu , Zhiguang Cao , Jie Zhang

Structural topology optimization, which aims to find the optimal physical structure that maximizes mechanical performance, is vital in engineering design applications in aerospace, mechanical, and civil engineering. Generative adversarial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-07 François Mazé , Faez Ahmed

The application of diffusion models in 3D LiDAR scene completion is limited due to diffusion's slow sampling speed. Score distillation accelerates diffusion sampling but with performance degradation, while post-training with direct policy…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-17 An Zhao , Shengyuan Zhang , Ling Yang , Zejian Li , Jiale Wu , Haoran Xu , AnYang Wei , Perry Pengyun GU , Lingyun Sun

Channel estimation is essential to massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems. While recent generative model-based approaches using lightweight diffusion models (DMs) have achieved superior performance, they typically rely on a…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-19 Zhuorui Jiang , Jun Fang , Boyu Ning , Hongbin Li , Ying-Chang Liang