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The Cram\'er-Rao bound serves as a crucial lower limit for the mean squared error of an estimator in frequentist parameter estimation. Paradoxically, it requires highly accurate prior knowledge of the estimated parameter for constructing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-21 Javier Navarro , Ricard Ravell Rodríguez , Mikel Sanz

We derive lower bounds on the variance of estimators in quantum metrology by choosing test observables that define constraints on the unbiasedness of the estimator. The quantum bounds are obtained by analytical optimization over all…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-27 M. Gessner , A. Smerzi

The Bayesian Cram\'er-Rao bound (CRB) provides a lower bound on the mean square error of any Bayesian estimator under mild regularity conditions. It can be used to benchmark the performance of statistical estimators, and provides a…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-09-09 Evan Scope Crafts , Xianyang Zhang , Bo Zhao

The goal of this paper is to characterize the best achievable performance for the problem of estimating an unknown parameter having a sparse representation. Specifically, we consider the setting in which a sparsely representable…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2009-09-29 Zvika Ben-Haim , Yonina C. Eldar

Neural networks are increasingly used to estimate parameters in quantitative MRI, in particular in magnetic resonance fingerprinting. Their advantages over the gold standard non-linear least square fitting are their superior speed and their…

Quantum Cram\'er--Rao theory is intrinsically local: it bounds precision near a specified parameter value, and its saturating measurement generally depends on that value. Barankin-type bounds use finite parameter displacements, but remain…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-28 Hai-Long Shi , Augusto Smerzi

Performance bounds for parameter estimation play a crucial role in statistical signal processing theory and applications. Two widely recognized bounds are the Cram\'{e}r-Rao bound (CRB) in the non-Bayesian framework, and the Bayesian CRB…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-11-27 Ori Aharon , Joseph Tabrikian

The Cram\'er-Rao bound (CRB), a well-known lower bound on the performance of any unbiased parameter estimator, has been used to study a wide variety of problems. However, to obtain the CRB, requires an analytical expression for the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-11 Hai Victor Habi , Hagit Messer , Yoram Bresler

Many results in the quantum metrology literature use the Cram\'er-Rao bound and the Fisher information to compare different quantum estimation strategies. However, there are several assumptions that go into the construction of these tools,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-01-31 Jesús Rubio , Paul Knott , Jacob Dunningham

This paper presents a Cramer-Rao bound (CRB) for the estimation of parameters confined to an arbitrary set. Unlike existing results that rely on equality or inequality constraints, manifold structures, or the nonsingularity of the Fisher…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-28 Heedong Do , Angel Lozano

Several current ultra-wide band applications, such as millimeter wave radar and communication systems, require high sampling rates and therefore expensive and energy-hungry analogto-digital converters (ADCs). In applications where cost and…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-09-28 Petre Stoica , Xiaolei Shang , Yuanbo Cheng

We present a new proof of the quantum Cramer-Rao bound for precision parameter estimation [1-3] and extend it to a more general class of measurement procedures. We analyze a generalized framework for parameter estimation that covers most…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-01-28 Garry Goldstein , Mikhail D. Lukin , Paola Cappellaro

Bayesian analysis is a framework for parameter estimation that applies even in uncertainty regimes where the commonly used local (frequentist) analysis based on the Cram\'er-Rao bound is not well defined. In particular, it applies when no…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-03-17 Simon Morelli , Ayaka Usui , Elizabeth Agudelo , Nicolai Friis

The widely used quantum Cramer-Rao bound (QCRB) sets a lower bound for the mean square error of unbiased estimators in quantum parameter estimation, however, in general QCRB is only tight in the asymptotical limit. With a limited number of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-09-07 Jing Liu , Haidong Yuan

Frequentist and Bayesian phase estimation strategies lead to conceptually different results on the state of knowledge about the true value of the phase shift. We compare the two frameworks and their sensitivity bounds to the estimation of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-11-27 Yan Li , Luca Pezzè , Manuel Gessner , Weidong Li , Augusto Smerzi

This paper investigates the asymptotic behavior of the deterministic and stochastic Cram\'er-Rao Bounds (CRB) for semi-blind channel estimation in massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems. We derive and analyze mathematically…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-15 Xue Zhang , Abla Kammoun , Mohamed-Slim Alouini

We derive a quantum Cram\'er-Rao bound (QCRB) on the error of estimating a time-changing signal. The QCRB provides a fundamental limit to the performance of general quantum sensors, such as gravitational-wave detectors, force sensors, and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-10-31 Mankei Tsang , Howard M. Wiseman , Carlton M. Caves

For decoherence processes induced by weak interactions with the environment, a general quantum channel with one noise parameter has been formulated. This channel is called low-noise channel and very useful for investigating the parameter…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Masahiro Hotta , Tokishiro Karasawa

The theoretical foundation of quantum sensing is rooted in the Cram\'er-Rao formalism, which establishes quantitative precision bounds for a given quantum probe. In many practical scenarios, where more than one parameter is unknown, the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-05 George Mihailescu , Saubhik Sarkar , Abolfazl Bayat , Steve Campbell , Andrew K. Mitchell

In quantum metrology, one of the major applications of quantum technologies, the ultimate precision of estimating an unknown parameter is often stated in terms of the Cram\'er-Rao bound. Yet, the latter is no longer guaranteed to carry an…

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