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Knowledge Graphs (KGs) are foundational structures in many AI applications, representing entities and their interrelations through triples. However, triple-based KGs lack the contextual information of relational knowledge, like temporal…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-01 Chengjin Xu , Muzhi Li , Cehao Yang , Xuhui Jiang , Lumingyuan Tang , Yiyan Qi , Jian Guo

Temporal knowledge graphs (TKGs) have been identified as a promising approach to represent the dynamics of facts along the timeline. The extrapolation of TKG is to predict unknowable facts happening in the future, holding significant…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-12-05 Wei Chen , Huaiyu Wan , Yuting Wu , Shuyuan Zhao , Jiayaqi Cheng , Yuxin Li , Youfang Lin

Temporal knowledge graph question answering (TKGQA) aims to answer time-sensitive questions by leveraging temporal knowledge bases. While Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate significant potential in TKGQA, current prompting strategies…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Zihao Jiang , Miao Peng , Zhenyan Shan , Wenjie Xu , Ben Liu , Gong Chen , Ziqi Gao , Min Peng

Stemming from traditional knowledge graphs (KGs), hyper-relational KGs (HKGs) provide additional key-value pairs (i.e., qualifiers) for each KG fact that help to better restrict the fact validity. In recent years, there has been an…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Zifeng Ding , Jingcheng Wu , Jingpei Wu , Yan Xia , Volker Tresp

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved impressive reasoning abilities, but struggle with temporal understanding, especially when questions involve multiple entities, compound operators, and evolving event sequences. Temporal Knowledge…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Xingyu Tan , Xiaoyang Wang , Qing Liu , Xiwei Xu , Xin Yuan , Liming Zhu , Wenjie Zhang

Reasoning over temporal knowledge graphs (TKGs) is fundamental to improving the efficiency and reliability of intelligent decision-making systems and has become a key technological foundation for future artificial intelligence applications.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-05 Wang Xing , Wei Song , Siyu Lin , Chen Wu , Zhesi Li , Man Wang

Temporal knowledge graph (TKG) reasoning aims to predict future events from historical facts. A key challenge lies in jointly capturing two sources of predictive information in TKGs: historical evidence and evolutionary dynamics. However,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Shuai-long Lei , Xiaobin Zhu , Jiarui Liang , Guoxi Sun , Zhiyu Fang , Xu-Cheng Yin

Temporal Knowledge Graphs (TKGs) have been developed and used in many different areas. Reasoning on TKGs that predicts potential facts (events) in the future brings great challenges to existing models. When facing a prediction task, human…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-06-02 Zixuan Li , Xiaolong Jin , Saiping Guan , Wei Li , Jiafeng Guo , Yuanzhuo Wang , Xueqi Cheng

Complex numerical time series analysis often demands multi-step reasoning capabilities beyond current models' reach. Tasks like medical diagnosis and weather forecasting require sequential reasoning processes - including counterfactual…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Felix Parker , Nimeesha Chan , Chi Zhang , Kimia Ghobadi

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in natural language understanding and generation. However, they often struggle with complex reasoning tasks and are prone to hallucination. Recent research has shown…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Xue Wu , Kostas Tsioutsiouliklis

Temporal Knowledge Graph (TKG) is an efficient method for describing the dynamic development of facts along a timeline. Most research on TKG reasoning (TKGR) focuses on modelling the repetition of global facts and designing patterns of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-03 Yuehang Si , Zefan Zeng , Jincai Huang , Qing Cheng

Large Language Models (LLMs) have exhibited impressive proficiency in various natural language processing (NLP) tasks, which involve increasingly complex reasoning. Knowledge reasoning, a primary type of reasoning, aims at deriving new…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Yifei Zhang , Xintao Wang , Jiaqing Liang , Sirui Xia , Lida Chen , Yanghua Xiao

Large Language Models (LLMs) excel at generating natural language answers, yet their outputs often remain unverifiable and difficult to trace. Knowledge Graphs (KGs) offer a complementary strength by representing entities and their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-05 Alfonso Amayuelas , Joy Sain , Simerjot Kaur , Charese Smiley

Knowledge graph reasoning (KGR), aiming to deduce new facts from existing facts based on mined logic rules underlying knowledge graphs (KGs), has become a fast-growing research direction. It has been proven to significantly benefit the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Ke Liang , Lingyuan Meng , Meng Liu , Yue Liu , Wenxuan Tu , Siwei Wang , Sihang Zhou , Xinwang Liu , Fuchun Sun

Chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning boosts large language models' (LLMs) performance on complex tasks but faces two key limitations: a lack of reliability when solely relying on LLM-generated reasoning chains and lower reasoning performance…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-11 Feiyang Li , Peng Fang , Zhan Shi , Arijit Khan , Fang Wang , Weihao Wang , Xin Zhang , Yongjian Cui

How can we perform knowledge reasoning over temporal knowledge graphs (TKGs)? TKGs represent facts about entities and their relations, where each fact is associated with a timestamp. Reasoning over TKGs, i.e., inferring new facts from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-17 Namyong Park , Fuchen Liu , Purvanshi Mehta , Dana Cristofor , Christos Faloutsos , Yuxiao Dong

A Temporal Knowledge Graph (TKG) is a sequence of KGs corresponding to different timestamps. TKG reasoning aims to predict potential facts in the future given the historical KG sequences. One key of this task is to mine and understand…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-03-22 Zixuan Li , Saiping Guan , Xiaolong Jin , Weihua Peng , Yajuan Lyu , Yong Zhu , Long Bai , Wei Li , Jiafeng Guo , Xueqi Cheng

Knowledge Graph (KG) reasoning that predicts missing facts for incomplete KGs has been widely explored. However, reasoning over Temporal KG (TKG) that predicts facts in the future is still far from resolved. The key to predict future facts…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-04-22 Zixuan Li , Xiaolong Jin , Wei Li , Saiping Guan , Jiafeng Guo , Huawei Shen , Yuanzhuo Wang , Xueqi Cheng

Temporal knowledge graph reasoning (TKGR) aims to predict future events by inferring missing entities with dynamic knowledge structures. Existing LLM-based reasoning methods prioritize contextual over structural relations, struggling to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Shiqi Fan , Quanming Yao , Hongyi Nie , Wentao Ma , Zhen Wang , Wen Hua

Compared with static knowledge graphs, temporal knowledge graphs (tKG), which can capture the evolution and change of information over time, are more realistic and general. However, due to the complexity that the notion of time introduces…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-07 Siheng Xiong , Yuan Yang , Faramarz Fekri , James Clayton Kerce