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An interesting phenomenon arises: Empirical Risk Minimization (ERM) sometimes outperforms methods specifically designed for out-of-distribution tasks. This motivates an investigation into the reasons behind such behavior beyond algorithmic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Hong Zheng , Fei Teng

We study multistage distributionally robust linear optimization, where the uncertainty set is defined as a ball of distribution centered at a scenario tree using the nested distance. The resulting minimax problem is notoriously difficult to…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-07-24 Rui Gao , Rohit Arora , Yizhe Huang

Despite achieving excellent performance on benchmarks, deep neural networks often underperform in real-world deployment due to sensitivity to minor, often imperceptible shifts in input data, known as distributional shifts. These shifts are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Birk Torpmann-Hagen , Pål Halvorsen , Michael A. Riegler , Dag Johansen

In distributed, or privacy-preserving learning, we are often given a set of probabilistic models estimated from different local repositories, and asked to combine them into a single model that gives efficient statistical estimation. A…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-03-01 Jun Han , Qiang Liu

We consider robustness to distribution shifts in the context of diagnostic models in healthcare, where the prediction target $Y$, e.g., the presence of a disease, is causally upstream of the observations $X$, e.g., a biomarker. Distribution…

Ensuring generalization to unseen environments remains a challenge. Domain shift can lead to substantially degraded performance unless shifts are well-exercised within the available training environments. We introduce a simple robust…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-20 Yilun Xu , Tommi Jaakkola

Distributionally robust optimization (DRO) problems are increasingly seen as a viable method to train machine learning models for improved model generalization. These min-max formulations, however, are more difficult to solve. We therefore…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-11-03 Soumyadip Ghosh , Mark Squillante , Ebisa Wollega

We give a method for proactively identifying small, plausible shifts in distribution which lead to large differences in model performance. These shifts are defined via parametric changes in the causal mechanisms of observed variables, where…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-18 Nikolaj Thams , Michael Oberst , David Sontag

In performative stochastic optimization, decisions can influence the distribution of random parameters, rendering the data-generating process itself decision-dependent. In practice, decision-makers rarely have access to the true…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-10-27 Zhuangzhuang Jia , Yijie Wang , Roy Dong , Grani A. Hanasusanto

The goal of an offline reinforcement learning (RL) algorithm is to learn optimal polices using historical (offline) data, without access to the environment for online exploration. One of the main challenges in offline RL is the distribution…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Kishan Panaganti , Zaiyan Xu , Dileep Kalathil , Mohammad Ghavamzadeh

How to effectively leverage the plentiful existing datasets to train a robust and high-performance model is of great significance for many practical applications. However, a model trained on a naive merge of different datasets tends to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-12-09 Yajie Liu , Pu Ge , Qingjie Liu , Shichao Fan , Yunhong Wang

In recommender systems, a common problem is the presence of various biases in the collected data, which deteriorates the generalization ability of the recommendation models and leads to inaccurate predictions. Doubly robust (DR) learning…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-12-20 Haoxuan Li , Quanyu Dai , Yuru Li , Yan Lyu , Zhenhua Dong , Xiao-Hua Zhou , Peng Wu

We consider the problem of learning from training data obtained in different contexts, where the underlying context distribution is unknown and is estimated empirically. We develop a robust method that takes into account the uncertainty of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-02-18 Muhammad Osama , Dave Zachariah , Petre Stoica

We consider a distributionally robust formulation of stochastic optimization problems arising in statistical learning, where robustness is with respect to uncertainty in the underlying data distribution. Our formulation builds on…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-06-09 Mert Gürbüzbalaban , Andrzej Ruszczyński , Landi Zhu

Enhancing the stability of machine learning algorithms under distributional shifts is at the heart of the Out-of-Distribution (OOD) Generalization problem. Derived from causal learning, recent works of invariant learning pursue strict…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-15 Jiashuo Liu , Jiayun Wu , Jie Peng , Xiaoyu Wu , Yang Zheng , Bo Li , Peng Cui

In many fairness and distribution robustness problems, one has access to labeled data from multiple source distributions yet the test data may come from an arbitrary member or a mixture of them. We study the problem of constructing a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Yuqi Yang , Ying Jin

A promising way to improve the sample efficiency of reinforcement learning is model-based methods, in which many explorations and evaluations can happen in the learned models to save real-world samples. However, when the learned model has a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-14 Haoxin Lin , Yihao Sun , Jiaji Zhang , Yang Yu

Using offline observational data for policy evaluation and learning allows decision-makers to evaluate and learn a policy that connects characteristics and interventions. Most existing literature has focused on either discrete treatment…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Cheuk Hang Leung , Yiyan Huang , Yijun Li , Qi Wu

Domain shifts are ubiquitous in machine learning, and can substantially degrade a model's performance when deployed to real-world data. To address this, distribution alignment methods aim to learn feature representations which are invariant…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Andrea Napoli , Paul White

This paper studies transfer learning for ridge-regularized robust linear regression in the moderate-dimensional regime, where the number of predictors is of the same order as the sample size and the regression coefficients are not assumed…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-04-14 Lingfeng Lyu , Xiao Guo , Zongqi Liu
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