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Research shows that phishing emails often utilize persuasion techniques, such as social proof, liking, consistency, authority, scarcity, and reciprocity to gain trust to obtain sensitive information or maliciously infect devices. The link…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-25 Kalam Khadka , Abu Barkat Ullah , Wanli Ma , Elisa Martinez Marroquin

Large Language Models (LLMs) can generate content that is as persuasive as human-written text and appear capable of selectively producing deceptive outputs. These capabilities raise concerns about potential misuse and unintended…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Cameron R. Jones , Benjamin K. Bergen

Phishing remains a persistent cybersecurity threat; however, developing scalable and effective user training is labor-intensive and challenging to maintain. Generative Artificial Intelligence offers an interesting opportunity, but empirical…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Francesco Greco , Giuseppe Desolda , Cesare Tucci , Andrea Esposito , Antonio Curci , Antonio Piccinno

In this paper, we present a novel method for detecting fake and Large Language Model (LLM)-generated profiles in the LinkedIn Online Social Network immediately upon registration and before establishing connections. Early fake profile…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2023-07-25 Navid Ayoobi , Sadat Shahriar , Arjun Mukherjee

When large language models are trained on private data, it can be a significant privacy risk for them to memorize and regurgitate sensitive information. In this work, we propose a new practical data extraction attack that we call "neural…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Ashwinee Panda , Christopher A. Choquette-Choo , Zhengming Zhang , Yaoqing Yang , Prateek Mittal

Machine learning (ML) based approaches have been the mainstream solution for anti-phishing detection. When they are deployed on the client-side, ML-based classifiers are vulnerable to evasion attacks. However, such potential threats have…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-04-16 Yusi Lei , Sen Chen , Lingling Fan , Fu Song , Yang Liu

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across diverse applications, however, they remain critically vulnerable to jailbreak attacks that elicit harmful responses violating human values and safety guidelines.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Zhaoqi Wang , Zijian Zhang , Daqing He , Pengtao Kou , Xin Li , Jiamou Liu , Jincheng An , Yong Liu

With the rise of Large Language Models (LLMs) in recent years, abundant new opportunities are emerging, but also new challenges, among which contamination is quickly becoming critical. Business applications and fundraising in Artificial…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-11 Mathieu Ravaut , Bosheng Ding , Fangkai Jiao , Hailin Chen , Xingxuan Li , Ruochen Zhao , Chengwei Qin , Caiming Xiong , Shafiq Joty

Social media influence campaigns pose significant challenges to public discourse and democracy. Traditional detection methods fall short due to the complexity and dynamic nature of social media. Addressing this, we propose a novel detection…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2023-11-15 Luca Luceri , Eric Boniardi , Emilio Ferrara

Cybersecurity is one of the global issues because of the extensive dependence on cyber systems of individuals, industries, and organizations. Among the cyber attacks, phishing is increasing tremendously and affecting the global economy.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-04-30 Md Robiul Islam , Md Mahamodul Islam , Mst. Suraiya Afrin , Anika Antara , Nujhat Tabassum , Al Amin

Phishing is recognised as a serious threat to organisations and individuals. While there have been significant technical advances in blocking phishing attacks, people remain the last line of defence after phishing emails reach their email…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-02-17 Sijie Zhuo , Robert Biddle , Yun Sing Koh , Danielle Lottridge , Giovanni Russello

The proliferation of mobile devices and online interactions have been threatened by different cyberattacks, where phishing attacks and malicious Uniform Resource Locators (URLs) pose significant risks to user security. Traditional phishing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Wenye Guo , Qun Wang , Hao Yue , Haijian Sun , Rose Qingyang Hu

Information security is facing increasingly severe challenges, and traditional protection means are difficult to cope with complex and changing threats. In recent years, as an emerging intelligent technology, large language models (LLMs)…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Chang Gong , Zhongwen Li , Xiaoqi Li

In this paper, we introduce a metadata-enriched generation framework (PhishFuzzer) that seeds real emails into Large Language Models (LLMs) to produce 23,100 diverse, structurally consistent email variants across controlled entity and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Rebeka Toth , Tamas Bisztray , Nils Gruschka

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown their impressive capabilities, while also raising concerns about the data contamination problems due to privacy issues and leakage of benchmark datasets in the pre-training phase. Therefore, it is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Zhenhua Liu , Tong Zhu , Chuanyuan Tan , Haonan Lu , Bing Liu , Wenliang Chen

Phishing attacks represents one of the primary attack methods which is used by cyber attackers. In many cases, attackers use deceptive emails along with malicious attachments to trick users into giving away sensitive information or…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Fatemeh Nejati , Mahdi Rabbani , Morteza Eskandarian , Mansur Mirani , Gunjan Piya , Igor Opushnyev , Ali A. Ghorbani , Sajjad Dadkhah

The growth of highly advanced Large Language Models (LLMs) constitutes a huge dual-use problem, making it necessary to create dependable AI-generated text detection systems. Modern detectors are notoriously vulnerable to adversarial…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Lekkala Sai Teja , Annepaka Yadagiri , Sangam Sai Anish , Siva Gopala Krishna Nuthakki , Partha Pakray

Phishing attacks on enterprise employees present one of the most costly and potent threats to organizations. We explore an understudied facet of enterprise phishing attacks: the email relay infrastructure behind successfully delivered…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Elisa Luo , Liane Young , Grant Ho , M. H. Afifi , Marco Schweighauser , Ethan Katz-Bassett , Asaf Cidon

PhisNet is a cutting-edge web application designed to detect phishing websites using advanced machine learning. It aims to help individuals and organizations identify and prevent phishing attacks through a robust AI framework. PhisNet…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-09 Prashant Kumar , Kevin Antony , Deepakmoney Banga , Arshpreet Sohal

The advent of Large Language Models (LLMs) has marked significant achievements in language processing and reasoning capabilities. Despite their advancements, LLMs face vulnerabilities to data poisoning attacks, where the adversary inserts…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Xiangyu Zhou , Yao Qiang , Saleh Zare Zade , Mohammad Amin Roshani , Prashant Khanduri , Douglas Zytko , Dongxiao Zhu