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Phishing attacks threaten online users, often leading to data breaches, financial losses, and identity theft. Traditional phishing detection systems struggle with high false positive rates and are usually limited by the types of attacks…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-01 Sneha Baskota

The Internet has become an indispensable part of our life, However, It also has provided opportunities to anonymously perform malicious activities like Phishing. Phishers try to deceive their victims by social engineering or creating…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-09-24 Vahid Shahrivari , Mohammad Mahdi Darabi , Mohammad Izadi

Email is a channel of communication which is considered to be a confidential medium of communication for exchange of information among individuals and organisations. The confidentiality consideration about e-mail is no longer the case as…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-04-15 Nmachi Peace Wosah , Thomas Win

With the rise of sophisticated scam websites that exploit human psychological vulnerabilities, distinguishing between legitimate and scam websites has become increasingly challenging. This paper presents ScamFerret, an innovative agent…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-17 Hiroki Nakano , Takashi Koide , Daiki Chiba

Here is a further shortened version (pure text, no extra formatting, academic style preserved, no content change): Abstract. With the rise of AI-generated content (AIGC), phishing actors now possess richer linguistic capabilities and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Shang Shang , Ruiqi Wang , Ruijie Qi , Hao Li , Yingxiao Xiang , Yepeng Yao , Zhengwei Jiang

Phishing attacks attempt to deceive users into stealing sensitive information, posing a significant cybersecurity threat. Advances in machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) have led to the development of numerous phishing webpage…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Aditya Kulkarni , Vivek Balachandran , Dinil Mon Divakaran , Tamal Das

Phishing has become a prominent risk in modern cybersecurity, often used to bypass technological defences by exploiting predictable human behaviour. Warning dialogues are a standard mitigation measure, but the lack of explanatory clarity…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Federico Maria Cau , Giuseppe Desolda , Francesco Greco , Lucio Davide Spano , Luca Viganò

Phishing emails typically masquerade themselves as reputable identities to trick people into providing sensitive information and credentials. Despite advancements in cybersecurity, attackers continuously adapt, posing ongoing threats to…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-09-13 Sijie Zhuo , Robert Biddle , Jared Daniel Recomendable , Giovanni Russello , Danielle Lottridge

People are regularly confronted with potentially deceptive statements (e.g., fake news, misleading product reviews, or lies about activities). Only few works on automated text-based deception detection have exploited the potential of deep…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-07 Loukas Ilias , Felix Soldner , Bennett Kleinberg

Web-based phishing attacks nowadays exploit popular cloud web hosting services and apps such as Google Sites and Typeform for hosting their attacks. Since these attacks originate from reputable domains and IP addresses of the cloud…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-10-31 Birendra Jha , Medha Atre , Ashwini Rao

Phishing websites remain a major cybersecurity threat, yet existing methods primarily focus on detection, while the recognition of underlying malicious intentions remains largely unexplored. To address this gap, we propose…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Wenhao Li , Selvakumar Manickam , Yung-wey Chong , Shankar Karuppayah

Phishing campaigns involve adversaries masquerading as trusted vendors trying to trigger user behavior that enables them to exfiltrate private data. While URLs are an important part of phishing campaigns, communicative elements like text…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Fengchao Chen , Tingmin Wu , Van Nguyen , Carsten Rudolph

The emergence of online services in our daily lives has been accompanied by a range of malicious attempts to trick individuals into performing undesired actions, often to the benefit of the adversary. The most popular medium of these…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-06-22 Lukas Halgas , Ioannis Agrafiotis , Jason R. C. Nurse

Phishing is one of the most effective ways in which cybercriminals get sensitive details such as credentials for online banking, digital wallets, state secrets, and many more from potential victims. They do this by spamming users with…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-11-27 Tosin Ige , Christopher Kiekintveld , Aritran Piplai , Amy Waggler , Olukunle Kolade , Bolanle Hafiz Matti

This paper investigates the effectiveness of large language models (LLMs) in email spam detection by comparing prominent models from three distinct families: BERT-like, Sentence Transformers, and Seq2Seq. Additionally, we examine…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-09 Maxime Labonne , Sean Moran

The use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) to detect phishing emails is primarily dependent on large-scale centralized datasets, which opens it up to a myriad of privacy, trust, and legal issues. Moreover, organizations are loathed to share…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-24 Chandra Thapa , Jun Wen Tang , Alsharif Abuadbba , Yansong Gao , Seyit Camtepe , Surya Nepal , Mahathir Almashor , Yifeng Zheng

This paper presents a large language model (LLM)-based framework that adapts and fine-tunes compact LLMs for detecting cyberattacks on transformer current differential relays (TCDRs), which can otherwise cause false tripping of critical…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Ahmad Mohammad Saber , Saeed Jafari , Zhengmao Ouyang , Paul Budnarain , Amr Youssef , Deepa Kundur

Model merging is a widespread technology in large language models (LLMs) that integrates multiple task-specific LLMs into a unified one, enabling the merged model to inherit the specialized capabilities of these LLMs. Most task-specific…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Zhenyuan Guo , Yi Shi , Wenlong Meng , Chen Gong , Chengkun Wei , Wenzhi Chen

With the generalization of mobile communication systems, solicitations of all kinds in the form of messages and emails are received by users with increasing proportion of malicious ones. They are customized to pass anti-spam filters and ask…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-06-30 P-Y. Cousin , V. Bernard , A. Lefaillet , M. Mugaruka , C. Raibaud

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in sensitive domains including healthcare, legal services, and confidential communications, where privacy is paramount. This paper introduces Whisper Leak, a side-channel attack that…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-06 Geoff McDonald , Jonathan Bar Or
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