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The global spin polarization of hyperons in heavy-ion collisions have been investigated by including spin correlation effects among their constituent quarks. The available data on global spin polarizations of hyperons and spin alignments of…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2026-03-12 Lucia Oliva , Qun Wang , Xin-Nian Wang

The global spin alignment of vector mesons has been observed by the STAR collaboration at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL). It provides a unique opportunity to probe the correlation between…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-02-27 Jin-Hui Chen , Zuo-Tang Liang , Yu-Gang Ma , Xin-Li Sheng , Qun Wang

We investigate the spin alignment of vector mesons arising from locally polarized quarks and anti-quarks (local spin alignment) in heavy-ion collisions. We find that $\rho_{00}\neq 1/3$ does not necessarily signal the global polarization of…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2021-04-30 Xiao-Liang Xia , Hui Li , Xu-Guang Huang , Huan Zhong Huang

Observation of unexpectedly large global spin alignment of $\phi$ vector mesons in non-central heavy-ion collisions by STAR experiment may reveal the non-perturbative nature of quark interaction in hot matter through fluctuating strong…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2023-02-03 Xin-Nian Wang

The significant global spin alignment observed for $\phi$ mesons in heavy-ion collisions has sparked intense discussions about its origin and implications. One explanation suggests that fluctuations in the strong force field may introduce…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2024-08-01 Diyu Shen , Jinhui Chen , Aihong Tang

Based on the formalism presented in [1], we make a systematic study of spin polarizations of hadrons with different spins including vector mesons, spin-1/2 and spin-3/2 hyperons and spin correlations of hadron-hadron such as…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2026-03-17 Ji-peng Lv , Zi-han Yu , Xiao-wen Li , Zuo-tang Liang

Polarized quarks and antiquarks in high-energy heavy-ion collisions can lead to the spin alignment of vector mesons formed by quark coalescence. Using the relativistic spin Boltzmann equation for vector mesons derived from Kadanoff-Baym…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2023-08-09 Xin-Li Sheng , Lucia Oliva , Zuo-Tang Liang , Qun Wang , Xin-Nian Wang

We analyze the spin alignment of vector mesons stemming from spin correlation of the quark and antiquark induced by background color fields in relativistic heavy ion collisions. The quark-coalescence equation relating the collision kernel…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2025-03-11 Di-Lun Yang

Polarization has opened a new physics chapter in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. Since the first prediction and experimental observation of global spin polarization, a lot of progress has been made in understanding its features, both at…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2024-02-08 Francesco Becattini , Matteo Buzzegoli , Takafumi Niida , Shi Pu , Ai-Hong Tang , Qun Wang

The global spin alignment of the vector meson has been observed in relativistic heavy ion collisions, but is still on hot debates in the theoretical community. Here we propose to apply the light front framework to explain this phenomenon…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2024-07-09 Baochi Fu , Fei Gao , Yuxin Liu , Huichao Song

Global spin alignment of vector mesons is a sensitive probe of system vorticity and particle production mechanism in relativistic heavy ion collisions. The measurement of global spin alignment is gaining increasing interest and deserves…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2018-10-25 A. H. Tang , B. Tu , C. S. Zhou

Notwithstanding decades of progress since Yukawa first developed a description of the force between nucleons in terms of meson exchange, a full understanding of the strong interaction remains a major challenge in modern science. One…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2023-01-19 STAR Collaboration , M. S. Abdallah , B. E. Aboona , J. Adam , L. Adamczyk , J. R. Adams , J. K. Adkins , G. Agakishiev , I. Aggarwal , M. M. Aggarwal , Z. Ahammed , A. Aitbaev , I. Alekseev , D. M. Anderson , A. Aparin , E. C. Aschenauer , M. U. Ashraf , F. G. Atetalla , G. S. Averichev , V. Bairathi , W. Baker , J. G. Ball Cap , K. Barish , A. Behera , R. Bellwied , P. Bhagat , A. Bhasin , J. Bielcik , J. Bielcikova , I. G. Bordyuzhin , J. D. Brandenburg , A. V. Brandin , X. Z. Cai , H. Caines , M. Calderón de la Barca Sánchez , D. Cebra , I. Chakaberia , P. Chaloupka , B. K. Chan , F-H. Chang , Z. Chang , A. Chatterjee , S. Chattopadhyay , D. Chen , J. Chen , J. H. Chen , X. Chen , Z. Chen , J. Cheng , S. Choudhury , W. Christie , X. Chu , H. J. Crawford , M. Csanád , M. Daugherity , T. G. Dedovich , I. M. Deppner , A. A. Derevschikov , A. Dhamija , L. Di Carlo , L. Didenko , P. Dixit , X. Dong , J. L. Drachenberg , E. Duckworth , J. C. Dunlop , J. Engelage , G. Eppley , S. Esumi , O. Evdokimov , A. Ewigleben , O. Eyser , R. Fatemi , F. M. Fawzi , S. Fazio , C. J. Feng , Y. Feng , E. Finch , Y. Fisyak , A. Francisco , C. Fu , C. A. Gagliardi , T. Galatyuk , F. Geurts , N. Ghimire , A. Gibson , K. Gopal , X. Gou , D. Grosnick , A. Gupta , W. Guryn , A. Hamed , Y. Han , S. Harabasz , M. D. Harasty , J. W. Harris , H. Harrison , S. He , W. He , X. H. He , Y. He , S. Heppelmann , N. Herrmann , E. Hoffman , L. Holub , C. Hu , Q. Hu , Y. Hu , H. Huang , H. Z. Huang , S. L. Huang , T. Huang , X. Huang , Y. Huang , T. J. Humanic , D. Isenhower , M. Isshiki , W. W. Jacobs , C. Jena , A. Jentsch , Y. Ji , J. Jia , K. Jiang , X. Ju , E. G. Judd , S. Kabana , M. L. Kabir , S. Kagamaster , D. Kalinkin , K. Kang , D. Kapukchyan , K. Kauder , H. W. Ke , D. Keane , A. Kechechyan , M. Kelsey , D. P. Kikoła , B. Kimelman , D. Kincses , I. Kisel , A. Kiselev , A. G. Knospe , H. S. Ko , L. Kochenda , A. Korobitsin , L. K. Kosarzewski , L. Kramarik , P. Kravtsov , L. Kumar , S. Kumar , R. Kunnawalkam Elayavalli , J. H. Kwasizur , R. Lacey , S. Lan , J. M. Landgraf , J. Lauret , A. Lebedev , R. Lednicky , J. H. Lee , Y. H. Leung , N. Lewis , C. Li , C. Li , W. Li , X. Li , Y. Li , X. Liang , Y. Liang , R. Licenik , T. Lin , Y. Lin , M. A. Lisa , F. Liu , H. Liu , H. Liu , P. Liu , T. Liu , X. Liu , Y. Liu , Z. Liu , T. Ljubicic , W. J. Llope , R. S. Longacre , E. Loyd , T. Lu , N. S. Lukow , X. F. Luo , L. Ma , R. Ma , Y. G. Ma , N. Magdy , D. Mallick , S. L. Manukhov , S. Margetis , C. Markert , H. S. Matis , J. A. Mazer , N. G. Minaev , S. Mioduszewski , B. Mohanty , M. M. Mondal , I. Mooney , D. A. Morozov , A. Mukherjee , M. Nagy , J. D. Nam , Md. Nasim , K. Nayak , D. Neff , J. M. Nelson , D. B. Nemes , M. Nie , G. Nigmatkulov , T. Niida , R. Nishitani , L. V. Nogach , T. Nonaka , A. S. Nunes , G. Odyniec , A. Ogawa , S. Oh , V. A. Okorokov , K. Okubo , B. S. Page , R. Pak , J. Pan , A. Pandav , A. K. Pandey , Y. Panebratsev , P. Parfenov , A. Paul , B. Pawlik , D. Pawlowska , C. Perkins , J. Pluta , B. R. Pokhrel , J. Porter , M. Posik , V. Prozorova , N. K. Pruthi , M. Przybycien , J. Putschke , H. Qiu , A. Quintero , C. Racz , S. K. Radhakrishnan , N. Raha , R. L. Ray , R. Reed , H. G. Ritter , M. Robotkova , J. L. Romero , D. Roy , L. Ruan , A. K. Sahoo , N. R. Sahoo , H. Sako , S. Salur , E. Samigullin , J. Sandweiss , S. Sato , W. B. Schmidke , N. Schmitz , B. R. Schweid , F. Seck , J. Seger , R. Seto , P. Seyboth , N. Shah , E. Shahaliev , P. V. Shanmuganathan , M. Shao , T. Shao , R. Sharma , A. I. Sheikh , D. Y. Shen , S. S. Shi , Y. Shi , Q. Y. Shou , E. P. Sichtermann , R. Sikora , J. Singh , S. Singha , P. Sinha , M. J. Skoby , N. Smirnov , Y. Söhngen , W. Solyst , Y. Song , H. M. Spinka , B. Srivastava , T. D. S. Stanislaus , M. Stefaniak , D. J. Stewart , M. Strikhanov , B. Stringfellow , A. A. P. Suaide , M. Sumbera , X. M. Sun , X. Sun , Y. Sun , Y. Sun , B. Surrow , D. N. Svirida , Z. W. Sweger , P. Szymanski , A. H. Tang , Z. Tang , A. Taranenko , T. Tarnowsky , J. H. Thomas , A. R. Timmins , D. Tlusty , T. Todoroki , M. Tokarev , C. A. Tomkiel , S. Trentalange , R. E. Tribble , P. Tribedy , S. K. Tripathy , T. Truhlar , B. A. Trzeciak , O. D. Tsai , Z. Tu , T. Ullrich , D. G. Underwood , I. Upsal , G. Van Buren , J. Vanek , A. N. Vasiliev , I. Vassiliev , V. Verkest , F. Videbæk , S. Vokal , S. A. Voloshin , F. Wang , G. Wang , J. S. Wang , P. Wang , X. Wang , Y. Wang , Y. Wang , Z. Wang , J. C. Webb , P. C. Weidenkaff , G. D. Westfall , H. Wieman , S. W. Wissink , R. Witt , J. Wu , J. Wu , Y. Wu , B. Xi , Z. G. Xiao , G. Xie , W. Xie , H. Xu , N. Xu , Q. H. Xu , Y. Xu , Z. Xu , Z. Xu , G. Yan , C. Yang , Q. Yang , S. Yang , Y. Yang , Z. Ye , Z. Ye , L. Yi , K. Yip , Y. Yu , H. Zbroszczyk , W. Zha , C. Zhang , D. Zhang , J. Zhang , S. Zhang , S. Zhang , Y. Zhang , Y. Zhang , Y. Zhang , Z. J. Zhang , Z. Zhang , Z. Zhang , F. Zhao , J. Zhao , M. Zhao , C. Zhou , Y. Zhou , X. Zhu , M. Zurek , M. Zyzak

Based on the chiral kinetic approach using initial conditions from a multiphase transport model, we study the spin polarizations of quarks and antiquarks in non-central heavy ion collisions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. Because of…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2017-08-23 Yifeng Sun , Che Ming Ko

In non-central high energy heavy ion collisions the colliding system posses a huge orbital angular momentum in the direction opposite to the normal of the reaction plane. Due to the spin-orbit coupling in strong interaction, such huge…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2021-12-21 Jian-Hua Gao , Zuo-Tang Liang , Qun Wang , Xin-Nian Wang

We study the global polarization of spin-$3/2$ hadrons in relativistic heavy ion collisions. We show in particular that the global tensor polarizations of rank two or three for spin-$3/2$ hadrons are sensitive to the local two or three…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2024-06-07 Zhe Zhang , Ji-peng Lv , Zi-han Yu , Zuo-tang Liang

In non-central high energy heavy ion collisions, the colliding system possesses a huge orbital angular momentum along the normal direction of the reaction plane. Due to the spin orbit interaction in the system, such a huge orbital angular…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2023-01-18 Zuo-tang Liang

A perspective for the Global spin alignment of vector mesons and strong force fields in heavy-ion collisions is provided in this short report.

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2023-05-17 Jinhui Chen , Zuo-Tang Liang , Yu-Gang Ma , Qun Wang

The STAR Collaboration has reported a significant $\phi$-meson global spin alignment ($\rho_{00}$) signal in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}\leq62$ GeV by measuring the polar angle distribution of $\phi$-meson daughters with respect to…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2025-10-23 Gavin Wilks , Xu Sun , Zhenyu Ye

The vacuum is now understood to possess a rich and complex structure, characterized by fluctuating energy fields and a condensate of virtual quark-antiquark pairs. The spontaneous breaking of the approximate chiral symmetry, signaled by the…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2026-02-10 The STAR Collaboration

Recent experimental data show an unexpectedly large spin alignment of $\phi$ mesons in high-energy heavy-ion collisions, which can be explained by short-distance fluctuations of strong-force fields (vector $\phi$ fields) within the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-12-16 Xin-Li Sheng , Xiang-Yu Wu , Dirk H. Rischke , Xin-Nian Wang
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