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Human knowledge is collectively encoded in the roughly 6500 languages spoken around the world, but it is not distributed equally across languages. Hence, for information-seeking question answering (QA) systems to adequately serve speakers…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-27 Fahim Faisal , Antonios Anastasopoulos

While Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated exceptional multitasking abilities, fine-tuning these models on downstream, domain-specific datasets is often necessary to yield superior performance on test sets compared to their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-15 Haoran Yang , Yumeng Zhang , Jiaqi Xu , Hongyuan Lu , Pheng Ann Heng , Wai Lam

The advent of large language models (LLMs) has significantly advanced various fields, including natural language processing and automated dialogue systems. This paper explores the application of LLMs in psychological counseling, addressing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Wenjie Li , Tianyu Sun , Kun Qian , Wenhong Wang

Large Language Models(LLMs) have shown exceptional abilities, yet training these models can be quite challenging. There is a strong dependence on the quality of data and finding the best instruction tuning set. Further, the inherent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-28 Nikhil Kothari , Ravindra Nayak , Shreyas Shetty , Amey Patil , Nikesh Garera

Large language models (LLMs) trained on massive multilingual datasets hint at the formation of interlingual constructs--a shared subspace in the representation space. However, evidence regarding this phenomenon is mixed, leaving it unclear…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Bryan Wilie , Samuel Cahyawijaya , Junxian He , Pascale Fung

Large Language Models (LLMs) are pretrained on extensive multilingual corpora to acquire both language-specific cultural knowledge and general knowledge. Ideally, while LLMs should provide consistent responses to culture-independent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Yumeng Wang , Zhiyuan Fan , Qingyun Wang , May Fung , Heng Ji

Large Language Models (LLMs) need to be aligned with human expectations to ensure their safety and utility in most applications. Alignment is challenging, costly, and needs to be repeated for every LLM and alignment criterion. We propose to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Lilian Ngweta , Mayank Agarwal , Subha Maity , Alex Gittens , Yuekai Sun , Mikhail Yurochkin

Large language models (LLMs) exhibit remarkable multilingual capabilities despite the extreme language imbalance in the pre-training data. In this paper, we closely examine the reasons behind this phenomenon, focusing on the pre-training…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-23 Zhijun Wang , Jiahuan Li , Hao Zhou , Rongxiang Weng , Jingang Wang , Xin Huang , Xue Han , Junlan Feng , Chao Deng , Shujian Huang

Recent work has explored the use of large language models (LLMs) to generate tutoring responses in mathematics, yet it remains unclear how closely their instructional behavior aligns with expert human practice. We analyze a dataset of math…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Ramatu Oiza Abdulsalam , Segun Aroyehun

Instruction tuning for large language models (LLMs) has gained attention from researchers due to its ability to unlock the potential of LLMs in following instructions. While instruction tuning offers advantages for facilitating the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-05-17 Hao Chen , Yiming Zhang , Qi Zhang , Hantao Yang , Xiaomeng Hu , Xuetao Ma , Yifan Yanggong , Junbo Zhao

Multilingual language models have shown decent performance in multilingual and cross-lingual natural language understanding tasks. However, the power of these multilingual models in code-switching tasks has not been fully explored. In this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-03-25 Genta Indra Winata , Samuel Cahyawijaya , Zihan Liu , Zhaojiang Lin , Andrea Madotto , Pascale Fung

In this paper, we propose a two-phase training approach where pre-trained large language models are continually pre-trained on parallel data and then supervised fine-tuned with a small amount of high-quality parallel data. To investigate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-04 Minato Kondo , Takehito Utsuro , Masaaki Nagata

The breakthrough of generative large language models (LLMs) that can solve different tasks through chat interaction has led to a significant increase in the use of general benchmarks to assess the quality or performance of these models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-03 Fabio Barth , Georg Rehm

Large language models (LLMs) demonstrate unprecedented capabilities and define the state of the art for almost all natural language processing (NLP) tasks and also for essentially all Language Technology (LT) applications. LLMs can only be…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Georg Rehm , Annika Grützner-Zahn , Fabio Barth

As educational systems evolve, ensuring that assessment items remain aligned with content standards is essential for maintaining fairness and instructional relevance. Traditional human alignment reviews are accurate but slow and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Farzan Karimi-Malekabadi , Pooya Razavi , Sonya Powers

Fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) on multi-task instruction-following data has been proven to be a powerful learning paradigm for improving their zero-shot capabilities on new tasks. Recent works about high-quality…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-17 Wei Han , Hui Chen , Soujanya Poria

While prior work has established that the use of parallel data is conducive for cross-lingual learning, it is unclear if the improvements come from the data itself, or if it is the modeling of parallel interactions that matters. Exploring…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-21 Machel Reid , Mikel Artetxe

How can large language models (LLMs) serve users with varying preferences that may conflict across cultural, political, or other dimensions? To advance this challenge, this paper establishes four key results. First, we demonstrate, through…

Open-source large language models (LLMs) have gained significant strength across diverse fields. Nevertheless, the majority of studies primarily concentrate on English, with only limited exploration into the realm of multilingual abilities.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Haoyu Wang , Shuo Wang , Yukun Yan , Xujia Wang , Zhiyu Yang , Yuzhuang Xu , Zhenghao Liu , Liner Yang , Ning Ding , Xu Han , Zhiyuan Liu , Maosong Sun

The success of ChatGPT validates the potential of large language models (LLMs) in artificial general intelligence (AGI). Subsequently, the release of LLMs has sparked the open-source community's interest in instruction-tuning, which is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-23 Qingyi Si , Tong Wang , Zheng Lin , Xu Zhang , Yanan Cao , Weiping Wang