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With the rapid development of online services, recommender systems (RS) have become increasingly indispensable for mitigating information overload. Despite remarkable progress, conventional recommendation models (CRM) still have some…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-07-10 Jianghao Lin , Xinyi Dai , Yunjia Xi , Weiwen Liu , Bo Chen , Hao Zhang , Yong Liu , Chuhan Wu , Xiangyang Li , Chenxu Zhu , Huifeng Guo , Yong Yu , Ruiming Tang , Weinan Zhang

As Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed as task-oriented agents in enterprise environments, ensuring their strict adherence to complex, domain-specific operational guidelines is critical. While utilizing an LLM-as-a-Judge…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Jingbo Yang , Guanyu Yao , Bairu Hou , Xinghan Yang , Nikolai Glushnev , Iwona Bialynicka-Birula , Duo Ding , Shiyu Chang

Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (\textbf{RLHF}) has emerged as a dominant approach for aligning LLM outputs with human preferences. Inspired by the success of RLHF, we study the performance of multiple algorithms that learn from…

As the rapidly advancing domain of natural language processing (NLP), large language models (LLMs) have emerged as powerful tools for interpreting human commands and generating text across various tasks. Nonetheless, the resilience of LLMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-04 Bin Wang , Chengwei Wei , Zhengyuan Liu , Geyu Lin , Nancy F. Chen

Large Language Models (LLMs)-based agents have made impressive progress in reasoning and tool use, enabling them to solve complex tasks. However, their ability to proactively collaborate with users, especially when goals are vague,…

Large language models (LLMs) achieve remarkable success in natural language processing (NLP). In practical scenarios like recommendations, as users increasingly seek personalized experiences, it becomes crucial to incorporate user…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-04-02 Langming Liu , Shilei Liu , Yujin Yuan , Yizhen Zhang , Bencheng Yan , Zhiyuan Zeng , Zihao Wang , Jiaqi Liu , Di Wang , Wenbo Su , Pengjie Wang , Jian Xu , Bo Zheng

Large language models often fail to satisfy formatting instructions when they must simultaneously perform demanding tasks. We study this behaviour through a prospective memory inspired lens from cognitive psychology, using a controlled…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Avni Mittal

Given the impressive capabilities of recent Large Language Models (LLMs), we investigate and benchmark the most popular proprietary and different sized open source models on the task of explicit instruction following in conflicting…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Edward Kim

With the proliferation of the internet and the rapid advancement of Artificial Intelligence, leading technology companies face an urgent annual demand for a considerable number of software and algorithm engineers. To efficiently and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Dingjie Fu , Dianxing Shi

The adoption of large language models (LLMs) to assist clinicians has attracted remarkable attention. Existing works mainly adopt the close-ended question-answering (QA) task with answer options for evaluation. However, many clinical…

Despite recent advances, evaluating how well large language models (LLMs) follow user instructions remains an open problem. While evaluation methods of language models have seen a rise in prompt-based approaches, limited work on the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-23 Ondrej Skopek , Rahul Aralikatte , Sian Gooding , Victor Carbune

Large language model (LLM) applications, such as ChatGPT, are a powerful tool for online information-seeking (IS) and problem-solving tasks. However, users still face challenges initializing and refining prompts, and their cognitive…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-02-12 Ben Wang , Jiqun Liu , Jamshed Karimnazarov , Nicolas Thompson

The capacity of large language models (LLMs) to generate honest, harmless, and helpful responses heavily relies on the quality of user prompts. However, these prompts often tend to be brief and vague, thereby significantly limiting the full…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Xiaohua Wang , Zisu Huang , Feiran Zhang , Zhibo Xu , Cenyuan Zhang , Qi Qian , Xiaoqing Zheng , Xuanjing Huang

With large language models (LLMs) increasingly deployed as cognitive engines for AI agents, the reliability and effectiveness critically hinge on their intrinsic epistemic agency, which remains understudied. Epistemic agency, the ability to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Lingyu Li , Yixu Wang , Haiquan Zhao , Shuqi Kong , Yan Teng , Chunbo Li , Yingchun Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) trained via Reinforcement Learning (RL) have recently achieved impressive results on reasoning benchmarks. Yet, growing evidence shows that these models often generate longer but ineffective chains of thought…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-02 Jhouben Cuesta-Ramirez , Samuel Beaussant , Mehdi Mounsif

Large Language Models (LLMs) are widely used across sectors, yet their alignment with International Humanitarian Law (IHL) is not well understood. This study evaluates eight leading LLMs on their ability to refuse prompts that explicitly…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-06-10 John Mavi , Diana Teodora Găitan , Sergio Coronado

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable versatility across various domains. To further advance LLMs, we propose 'SELF' (Self-Evolution with Language Feedback), a novel approach that enables LLMs to self-improve through…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-02 Jianqiao Lu , Wanjun Zhong , Wenyong Huang , Yufei Wang , Qi Zhu , Fei Mi , Baojun Wang , Weichao Wang , Xingshan Zeng , Lifeng Shang , Xin Jiang , Qun Liu

The versatility of Large Language Models (LLMs) on natural language understanding tasks has made them popular for research in social sciences. To properly understand the properties and innate personas of LLMs, researchers have performed…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-03 Bangzhao Shu , Lechen Zhang , Minje Choi , Lavinia Dunagan , Lajanugen Logeswaran , Moontae Lee , Dallas Card , David Jurgens

Large Language Models (LLMs) effectiveness is usually evaluated by means of benchmarks such as MMLU, ARC-C, or HellaSwag, where questions are presented in their original wording, thus in a fixed, standardized format. However, real-world…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-05 Riccardo Lunardi , Vincenzo Della Mea , Stefano Mizzaro , Kevin Roitero

Large Audio Language Models (LALMs), which couple acoustic perception with large language models (LLMs) to extract and understand diverse information from audio, have attracted intense interest from both academic and industrial communities.…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Bohan Li , Wenbin Huang , Yuhang Qiu , Yiwei Guo , Hankun Wang , Zhihan Li , Jing Peng , Ziyang Ma , Xie Chen , Kai Yu