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Deep learning has been shown to achieve impressive results in several tasks where a large amount of training data is available. However, deep learning solely focuses on the accuracy of the predictions, neglecting the reasoning process…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-02-07 Giuseppe Marra , Michelangelo Diligenti , Francesco Giannini , Marco Gori , Marco Maggini

Neuro-symbolic reinforcement learning (NS-RL) has emerged as a promising paradigm for explainable decision-making, characterized by the interpretability of symbolic policies. NS-RL entails structured state representations for tasks with…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-14 Lirui Luo , Guoxi Zhang , Hongming Xu , Yaodong Yang , Cong Fang , Qing Li

We study the problem of combining neural networks with symbolic reasoning. Recently introduced frameworks for Probabilistic Neurosymbolic Learning (PNL), such as DeepProbLog, perform exponential-time exact inference, limiting the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-25 Emile van Krieken , Thiviyan Thanapalasingam , Jakub M. Tomczak , Frank van Harmelen , Annette ten Teije

Multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) has been increasingly explored to learn the cooperative policy towards maximizing a certain global reward. Many existing studies take advantage of graph neural networks (GNN) in MARL to propagate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-25 Wenlei Shi , Xinran Wei , Jia Zhang , Xiaoyuan Ni , Arthur Jiang , Jiang Bian , Tie-Yan Liu

Deep learning (DL) based language models achieve high performance on various benchmarks for Natural Language Inference (NLI). And at this time, symbolic approaches to NLI are receiving less attention. Both approaches (symbolic and DL) have…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-11 Zeming Chen , Qiyue Gao , Lawrence S. Moss

Inventory control in modern supply chains has attracted significant attention due to the increasing number of disruptive shocks and the challenges posed by complex dynamics, uncertainties, and limited collaboration. Traditional methods,…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-02-28 Niki Kotecha , Antonio del Rio Chanona

Multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) provides an efficient way for simultaneously learning policies for multiple agents interacting with each other. However, in scenarios requiring complex interactions, existing algorithms can suffer…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-08 Xiaobai Ma , David Isele , Jayesh K. Gupta , Kikuo Fujimura , Mykel J. Kochenderfer

One of the enduring challenges in education is how to empower students to take ownership of their learning by setting meaningful goals, tracking their progress, and adapting their strategies when faced with setbacks. Research has shown that…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Ryan Hare , Ying Tang

Cooperative multi-agent planning requires agents to make joint decisions with partial information and limited communication. Coordination at the trajectory level often fails, as small deviations in timing or movement cascade into conflicts.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Narjes Nourzad , Hanqing Yang , Shiyu Chen , Carlee Joe-Wong

The goal of neuro-symbolic AI is to integrate symbolic and subsymbolic AI approaches, to overcome the limitations of either. Prominent systems include Logic Tensor Networks (LTN) or DeepProbLog, which offer neural predicates and end-to-end…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Stephen Roth , Lennart Baur , Derian Boer , Stefan Kramer

Neurosymbolic AI combines the interpretability, parsimony, and explicit reasoning of classical symbolic approaches with the statistical learning of data-driven neural approaches. Models and policies that are simultaneously differentiable…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-02-09 Peter Graf , Patrick Emami

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown promising results across various tasks, yet their reasoning capabilities remain a fundamental challenge. Developing AI systems with strong reasoning capabilities is regarded as a crucial milestone in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-20 Xiao-Wen Yang , Jie-Jing Shao , Lan-Zhe Guo , Bo-Wen Zhang , Zhi Zhou , Lin-Han Jia , Wang-Zhou Dai , Yu-Feng Li

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong potential in long-horizon decision-making tasks, such as embodied manipulation and web interaction. However, agents frequently struggle with endless trial-and-error loops or deviate from…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Bin Wen , Ruoxuan Zhang , Yang Chen , Hongxia Xie , Lan-Zhe Guo

Automated medical report generation in spine radiology, i.e., given spinal medical images and directly create radiologist-level diagnosis reports to support clinical decision making, is a novel yet fundamental study in the domain of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-04-29 Zhongyi Han , Benzheng Wei , Yilong Yin , Shuo Li

We propose Modal Logical Neural Networks (MLNNs), a neurosymbolic framework that integrates deep learning with the formal semantics of modal logic, enabling reasoning about necessity and possibility. Drawing on Kripke semantics, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Antonin Sulc

Effectively combining logic reasoning and probabilistic inference has been a long-standing goal of machine learning: the former has the ability to generalize with small training data, while the latter provides a principled framework for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-09-24 Yuyu Zhang , Xinshi Chen , Yuan Yang , Arun Ramamurthy , Bo Li , Yuan Qi , Le Song

We design a predictive layer for structured-output prediction (SOP) that can be plugged into any neural network guaranteeing its predictions are consistent with a set of predefined symbolic constraints. Our Semantic Probabilistic Layer…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-02 Kareem Ahmed , Stefano Teso , Kai-Wei Chang , Guy Van den Broeck , Antonio Vergari

The development of artificial intelligence systems capable of understanding and reasoning about complex real-world scenarios is a significant challenge. In this work we present a novel approach to enhance and exploit LLM reactive capability…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-11-20 Stefano De Giorgis , Aldo Gangemi , Alessandro Russo

One approach to explaining the hierarchical levels of understanding within a machine learning model is the symbolic method of inductive logic programming (ILP), which is data efficient and capable of learning first-order logic rules that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-01 Andreas Bueff , Vaishak Belle

This project addresses the challenge of automated stock trading, where traditional methods and direct reinforcement learning (RL) struggle with market noise, complexity, and generalization. Our proposed solution is an integrated deep…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-08 John Christopher Tidwell , John Storm Tidwell