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Pseudo-labels are confident predictions made on unlabeled target data by a classifier trained on labeled source data. They are widely used for adapting a model to unlabeled data, e.g., in a semi-supervised learning setting. Our key insight…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-22 Xudong Wang , Zhirong Wu , Long Lian , Stella X. Yu

The pioneering method for unsupervised meta-learning, CACTUs, is a clustering-based approach with pseudo-labeling. This approach is model-agnostic and can be combined with supervised algorithms to learn from unlabeled data. However, it…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-29 Xingping Dong , Jianbing Shen , Ling Shao

Self-supervised learning (SSL) has emerged as a powerful technique for learning rich representations from unlabeled data. The data representations are able to capture many underlying attributes of data, and be useful in downstream…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-01 Weicheng Zhu , Sheng Liu , Carlos Fernandez-Granda , Narges Razavian

Semi-supervised semantic segmentation (SSSS) faces persistent challenges in effectively leveraging unlabeled data, such as ineffective utilization of pseudo-labels, exacerbation of class imbalance biases, and neglect of prediction…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Ebenezer Tarubinga , Jenifer Kalafatovich , Seong-Whan Lee

Semi-supervised learning, i.e. jointly learning from labeled and unlabeled samples, is an active research topic due to its key role on relaxing human supervision. In the context of image classification, recent advances to learn from…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-06-30 Eric Arazo , Diego Ortego , Paul Albert , Noel E. O'Connor , Kevin McGuinness

Anomaly detection is an important task for complex systems (e.g., industrial facilities, manufacturing, large-scale science experiments), where failures in a sub-system can lead to low yield, faulty products, or even damage to components.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Ryan Humble , Zhe Zhang , Finn O'Shea , Eric Darve , Daniel Ratner

While many works on Continual Learning have shown promising results for mitigating catastrophic forgetting, they have relied on supervised training. To successfully learn in a label-agnostic incremental setting, a model must distinguish…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-09 Shivam Khare , Kun Cao , James Rehg

We introduce a new paradigm to investigate unsupervised learning, reducing unsupervised learning to supervised learning. Specifically, we mitigate the subjectivity in unsupervised decision-making by leveraging knowledge acquired from prior,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-01-04 Vikas K. Garg , Adam Tauman Kalai

Unsupervised learning is a challenging task due to the lack of labels. Multiple Object Tracking (MOT), which inevitably suffers from mutual object interference, occlusion, etc., is even more difficult without label supervision. In this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Sha Meng , Dian Shao , Jiacheng Guo , Shan Gao

A common assumption in semi-supervised learning is that the labeled, unlabeled, and test data are drawn from the same distribution. However, this assumption is not satisfied in many applications. In many scenarios, the data is collected…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-02-25 Gholamali Aminian , Mahed Abroshan , Mohammad Mahdi Khalili , Laura Toni , Miguel R. D. Rodrigues

Deep learning models often learn and exploit spurious correlations in training data, using these non-target features to inform their predictions. Such reliance leads to performance degradation and poor generalization on unseen data. To…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Kyohoon Jin , Juhwan Choi , Jungmin Yun , Junho Lee , Soojin Jang , Youngbin Kim

Unsupervised object re-identification targets at learning discriminative representations for object retrieval without any annotations. Clustering-based methods conduct training with the generated pseudo labels and currently dominate this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-08-24 Xiao Zhang , Yixiao Ge , Yu Qiao , Hongsheng Li

Instance features in images exhibit spurious correlations with background features, affecting the training process of deep neural classifiers. This leads to insufficient attention to instance features by the classifier, resulting in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-30 Xuewei Li , Zhenzhen Nie , Mei Yu , Zijian Zhang , Jie Gao , Tianyi Xu , Zhiqiang Liu

Unsupervised Graph Domain Adaptation (UGDA) leverages labeled source domain graphs to achieve effective performance in unlabeled target domains despite distribution shifts. However, existing methods often yield suboptimal results due to the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-11 Junyu Luo , Yuhao Tang , Yiwei Fu , Xiao Luo , Zhizhuo Kou , Zhiping Xiao , Wei Ju , Wentao Zhang , Ming Zhang

Machine learning model bias can arise from dataset composition: correlated sensitive features can distort the downstream classification model's decision boundary and lead to performance differences along these features. Existing de-biasing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Miao Zhang , Zee fryer , Ben Colman , Ali Shahriyari , Gaurav Bharaj

Scarcity of pixel-level labels is a significant challenge in practical scenarios. In specific domains like industrial smoke, acquiring such detailed annotations is particularly difficult and often requires expert knowledge. To alleviate…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Zheyuan Zhang , Yen-chia Hsu

Weakly supervised point cloud semantic segmentation methods that require 1\% or fewer labels, hoping to realize almost the same performance as fully supervised approaches, which recently, have attracted extensive research attention. A…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-09-19 Tianfang Sun , Zhizhong Zhang , Xin Tan , Yanyun Qu , Yuan Xie , Lizhuang Ma

Unsupervised image captioning is a challenging task that aims at generating captions without the supervision of image-sentence pairs, but only with images and sentences drawn from different sources and object labels detected from the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-02 Ukyo Honda , Yoshitaka Ushiku , Atsushi Hashimoto , Taro Watanabe , Yuji Matsumoto

Although existing semi-supervised learning models achieve remarkable success in learning with unannotated in-distribution data, they mostly fail to learn on unlabeled data sampled from novel semantic classes due to their closed-set…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-28 Sheng Zhang , Salman Khan , Zhiqiang Shen , Muzammal Naseer , Guangyi Chen , Fahad Khan

Learning invariant representations is an important requirement when training machine learning models that are driven by spurious correlations in the datasets. These spurious correlations, between input samples and the target labels, wrongly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-12 Vishnu Suresh Lokhande , Kihyuk Sohn , Jinsung Yoon , Madeleine Udell , Chen-Yu Lee , Tomas Pfister