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Quantum random number generator (QRNG) can produce true randomness by utilizing the inherent probabilistic nature of quantum mechanics. Recently, the spontaneous-emission quantum phase noise of the laser has been widely deployed for QRNG,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-12-18 Shi-Hai Sun , Feihu Xu

We show how to efficiently generate pseudo-random states suitable for quantum information processing via cluster-state quantum computation. By reformulating pseudo-random algorithms in the cluster-state picture, we identify a strategy for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Winton G. Brown , Yaakov S. Weinstein , Lorenza Viola

Quantum random number generators (QRNGs) produce true random numbers based on the inherent randomness of quantum theory, rendering them a foundational segment of quantum cryptography. Distinguished from trusted-device QRNGs whose security…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-09 Zhenguo Lu , Jundong Wu , Yu Zhang , Shaobo Ren , Xuyang Wang , Hongyi Zhou , Yongmin Li

We study the natural question of constructing pseudorandom generators (PRGs) for low-degree polynomial threshold functions (PTFs). We give a PRG with seed-length log n/eps^{O(d)} fooling degree d PTFs with error at most eps. Previously, no…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2015-03-13 Raghu Meka , David Zuckerman

In recent years, achieving verifiable quantum advantage on a NISQ device has emerged as an important open problem in quantum information. The sampling-based quantum advantages are not known to have efficient verification methods. This paper…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-29 Nai-Hui Chia , Honghao Fu , Fang Song , Penghui Yao

Quantum random-number generators (QRNGs) can offer a means to generate information-theoretically provable random numbers, in principle. In practice, unfortunately, the quantum randomness is inevitably mixed with classical randomness due to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-06-25 Xiongfeng Ma , Feihu Xu , He Xu , Xiaoqing Tan , Bing Qi , Hoi-Kwong Lo

Classical fingerprinting associates with each string a shorter string (its fingerprint), such that, with high probability, any two distinct strings can be distinguished by comparing their fingerprints alone. The fingerprints can be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-07 Harry Buhrman , Richard Cleve , John Watrous , Ronald de Wolf

Semi-quantum secret sharing (SQSS) is an important branch of semi-quantum cryptography, and differs from quantum secret sharing (QSS) in that not all parties are required to possess quantum capabilities. All previous SQSS protocols have…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-18 Chong-Qiang Ye , Tian-Yu Ye

Quantum resources like entanglement and magic are essential for characterizing the complexity of quantum states. However, when the number of copies of quantum states and the computational time are limited by numbers polynomial in the system…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-12 Wonjun Lee , Hyukjoon Kwon , Gil Young Cho

Randomness plays a vital role in numerous applications, including simulation, cryptography, distributed systems, and gaming. Consequently, extensive research has been conducted to generate randomness. One such method is to design a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Pham Nhat Minh , Khuong Nguyen-An

Quantum random number generators (QRNGs) produce random numbers based on the intrinsic probabilistic nature of quantum mechanics, making them true random number generators (TRNGs). In this paper, we design and fabricate an embedded QRNG…

The ever-increasing need for random numbers is clear in many areas of computer science, from neural networks to optimization. As such, most common programming language provide easy access to Pseudorandom Number Generators. However, these…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2021-09-28 Nils van den Honert , Diederick Vermetten , Anna V. Kononova

We propose and experimentally demonstrate the \emph{Quasi-Superposition Quantum-inspired System (QSQS)} -- a conceptual quantum system for randomness generation built on measuring two conjugate observables of a permutation sorting process:…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-06 Randy Kuang

While one-way functions (OWFs) serve as the minimal assumption for computational cryptography in the classical setting, in quantum cryptography, we have even weaker cryptographic assumptions such as pseudo-random states, and EFI pairs,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-22 Alex B. Grilo , Álvaro Yángüez

Quantum algorithms typically demand prohibitively complicated circuits to solve practical problems. Previous studies have shown that classical randomness can accelerate some specific quantum algorithms. In this work, we introduce the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-15 Yue Wang , Qi Zhao

Random unitaries are a central object of study in quantum information, with applications to quantum computation, quantum many-body physics, and quantum cryptography. Recent work has constructed unitary designs and pseudorandom unitaries…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-29 Ben Foxman , Natalie Parham , Francisca Vasconcelos , Henry Yuen

Regarding minimal assumptions, most of classical cryptography is known to depend on the existence of One-Way Functions (OWFs). However, recent evidence has shown that this is not the case when considering quantum resources. Besides the well…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-11 Manuel Goulão , David Elkouss

In the framework of Impagliazzo's five worlds, a distinction is often made between two worlds, one where public-key encryption exists (Cryptomania), and one in which only one-way functions exist (MiniCrypt). However, the boundaries between…

Ring signatures are a powerful primitive that allows a member to sign on behalf of a group, without revealing their identity. Recently, ring signatures have received additional attention as an ingredient for post-quantum deniable…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Marvin Beckmann , Christian Majenz

We show it is possible to obtain quantum pseudorandomness and pseudoentanglement from random subset states -- i.e. quantum states which are equal superpositions over (pseudo)random subsets of strings. This answers an open question of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-12-15 Tudor Giurgica-Tiron , Adam Bouland