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Multi-step reasoning is essential for large language models (LLMs), yet multilingual performance remains challenging. While Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompting improves reasoning, it struggles with non-English languages due to the entanglement…

While Chain of Thought (CoT) prompting approaches have significantly consolidated the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs), they still face limitations that require extensive human effort or have performance needs to be…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Kangyang Luo , Zichen Ding , Zhenmin Weng , Lingfeng Qiao , Meng Zhao , Xiang Li , Di Yin , Jinlong Shu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated powerful capabilities that render them valuable in different applications, including conversational AI products. It is paramount to ensure the security and reliability of these products by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-23 Melissa Kazemi Rad , Huy Nghiem , Andy Luo , Sahil Wadhwa , Mohammad Sorower , Stephen Rawls

Large Language Models (LLMs), despite their impressive capabilities across domains, have been shown to be vulnerable to backdoor attacks. Prior backdoor strategies predominantly operate at the token level, where an injected trigger causes…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Vu Tuan Truong , Long Bao Le

Large language models have demonstrated substantial advancements in reasoning capabilities. However, current Vision-Language Models (VLMs) often struggle to perform systematic and structured reasoning, especially when handling complex…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Guowei Xu , Peng Jin , Ziang Wu , Hao Li , Yibing Song , Lichao Sun , Li Yuan

Large language models have manifested remarkable capabilities by leveraging chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning techniques to solve intricate questions through step-by-step reasoning chains. Despite its success, the efficacy of such reasoning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-29 Yexin Wu , Zhuosheng Zhang , Hai Zhao

Mathematical reasoning remains a significant challenge for large language models (LLMs), despite progress in prompting techniques such as Chain-of-Thought (CoT). We present **Chain of Mathematically Annotated Thought (CoMAT)**, which…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Joshua Ong Jun Leang , Aryo Pradipta Gema , Shay B. Cohen

While Long Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning significantly improves Large Language Models (LLMs) performance on complex reasoning tasks, the substantial computational and memory costs of generating long CoT sequences limit their efficiency…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Liang Zhang , Yu Zhao , Longyue Wang , Tianqi Shi , Weihua Luo , Kaifu Zhang , Jinsong Su

This research introduces VeriFact-CoT (Verified Factual Chain-of-Thought), a novel method designed to address the pervasive issues of hallucination and the absence of credible citation sources in Large Language Models (LLMs) when generating…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Fernando Gabriela García , Qiyang Shi , Zilin Feng

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable progress across domains, yet their ability to perform inductive reasoning - inferring latent rules from sparse examples - remains limited. It is often assumed that chain-of-thought (CoT)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Haibo Jin , Peiyan Zhang , Man Luo , Haohan Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in complex tasks. Recent advancements in Large Reasoning Models (LRMs), such as OpenAI o1 and DeepSeek-R1, have further improved performance in System-2 reasoning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-25 Yang Sui , Yu-Neng Chuang , Guanchu Wang , Jiamu Zhang , Tianyi Zhang , Jiayi Yuan , Hongyi Liu , Andrew Wen , Shaochen Zhong , Na Zou , Hanjie Chen , Xia Hu

Studies have underscored how, regardless of the recent breakthrough and swift advances in AI research, even state-of-the-art Large Language models (LLMs) continue to struggle when performing logical and mathematical reasoning. The results…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-20 Federico Castagna , Isabel Sassoon , Simon Parsons

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong reasoning and tool-use capabilities, yet they often fail in real-world tool-interactions due to incorrect parameterization, poor tool selection, or misinterpretation of user intent.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Hy Dang , Tianyi Liu , Zhuofeng Wu , Jingfeng Yang , Haoming Jiang , Tao Yang , Pei Chen , Zhengyang Wang , Helen Wang , Huasheng Li , Bing Yin , Meng Jiang

Despite superior reasoning prowess demonstrated by Large Language Models (LLMs) with Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompting, a lack of understanding prevails around the internal mechanisms of the models that facilitate CoT generation. This work…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Subhabrata Dutta , Joykirat Singh , Soumen Chakrabarti , Tanmoy Chakraborty

Critical thinking is essential for rational decision-making and problem-solving. This skill hinges on the ability to provide precise and reasoned critiques and is a hallmark of human intelligence. In the era of large language models (LLMs),…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Liangchen Luo , Zi Lin , Yinxiao Liu , Lei Shu , Yun Zhu , Jingbo Shang , Lei Meng

Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompting has significantly improved the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs). However, conventional CoT often relies on unstructured, flat reasoning chains that suffer from redundancy and suboptimal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Xingshuai Huang , Derek Li , Bahareh Nikpour , Parsa Omidi

While the recent Chain-of-Thought (CoT) technique enhances the reasoning ability of large language models (LLMs) with the theory of mind, it might still struggle in handling logical reasoning that relies much on symbolic expressions and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Jundong Xu , Hao Fei , Liangming Pan , Qian Liu , Mong-Li Lee , Wynne Hsu

Chain-of-thought (CoT), tree-of-thought (ToT), and related techniques work surprisingly well in practice for some complex reasoning tasks with Large Language Models (LLMs), but why? This work seeks the underlying reasons by conducting…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Liwei Kang , Zirui Zhao , David Hsu , Wee Sun Lee

Large Language Models (LLMs) are able to improve their responses when instructed to do so, a capability known as self-correction. When instructions provide only the task's goal without specific details about potential issues in the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-11 Guangliang Liu , Haitao Mao , Bochuan Cao , Zhiyu Xue , Xitong Zhang , Rongrong Wang , Jiliang Tang , Kristen Johnson

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance across multiple tasks through in-context learning. For complex reasoning tasks that require step-by-step thinking, Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompting has given impressive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Armel Zebaze , Benoît Sagot , Rachel Bawden
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