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Related papers: Instruction-tuned Language Models are Better Knowl…

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This paper surveys research works in the quickly advancing field of instruction tuning (IT), which can also be referred to as supervised fine-tuning (SFT)\footnote{In this paper, unless specified otherwise, supervised fine-tuning (SFT) and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Shengyu Zhang , Linfeng Dong , Xiaoya Li , Sen Zhang , Xiaofei Sun , Shuhe Wang , Jiwei Li , Runyi Hu , Tianwei Zhang , Fei Wu , Guoyin Wang

Using responses generated by high-performing large language models (LLMs) for instruction tuning has become a widely adopted approach. However, the existing literature overlooks a property of LLM-generated responses: they conflate world…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Tatsuya Ichinose , Youmi Ma , Masanari Oi , Ryuto Koike , Naoaki Okazaki

Instruction tuning is a crucial supervised training phase in Large Language Models (LLMs), aiming to enhance the LLM's ability to generalize instruction execution and adapt to user preferences. With the increasing integration of multi-modal…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2023-11-28 Chen Li , Yixiao Ge , Dian Li , Ying Shan

Pretraining Large Language Models (LLMs) on large corpora of textual data is now a standard paradigm. When using these LLMs for many downstream applications, it is common to additionally bake in new knowledge (e.g., time-critical news, or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-06 Tianjun Zhang , Shishir G. Patil , Naman Jain , Sheng Shen , Matei Zaharia , Ion Stoica , Joseph E. Gonzalez

Large Language Models are traditionally finetuned on large instruction datasets. However recent studies suggest that small, high-quality datasets can suffice for general purpose instruction following. This lack of consensus surrounding…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-29 Aditi Jha , Sam Havens , Jeremy Dohmann , Alex Trott , Jacob Portes

The recent advancement of large language models (LLMs) has been achieved through a combo of instruction tuning and human alignment. However, building manually crafted instruction datasets and performing human alignment become the bottleneck…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-05 Tao Feng , Zifeng Wang , Jimeng Sun

Instruction-tuning is a widely adopted finetuning method that enables large language models (LLMs) to generate output that more closely resembles human responses. However, no studies have shown that instruction-tuning actually teaches LLMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-12 Khai Loong Aw , Syrielle Montariol , Badr AlKhamissi , Martin Schrimpf , Antoine Bosselut

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance on various tasks, yet their ability to extract and internalize deeper insights from domain-specific datasets remains underexplored. In this study, we investigate how…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-30 Pouya Pezeshkpour , Estevam Hruschka

To acquire instruction-following capabilities, large language models (LLMs) undergo instruction tuning, where they are trained on instruction-response pairs using next-token prediction (NTP). Efforts to improve instruction tuning often…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Yuxin Xiao , Shujian Zhang , Wenxuan Zhou , Marzyeh Ghassemi , Sanqiang Zhao

Instruction tuning is a pivotal technique for aligning large language models (LLMs) with human intentions, safety constraints, and domain-specific requirements. This survey provides a comprehensive overview of the full pipeline,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Xudong Han , Junjie Yang , Tianyang Wang , Ziqian Bi , Xinyuan Song , Junfeng Hao , Junhao Song

Large Language Models (LLMs), trained on extensive web-scale corpora, have demonstrated remarkable abilities across diverse tasks, especially as they are scaled up. Nevertheless, even state-of-the-art models struggle in certain cases,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-16 Irina Bigoulaeva , Harish Tayyar Madabushi , Iryna Gurevych

Process mining is increasingly using textual information associated with events to tackle tasks such as anomaly detection and process discovery. Such semantics-aware process mining focuses on what behavior should be possible in a process…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-25 Vira Pyrih , Adrian Rebmann , Han van der Aa

Instruction tuning is crucial for enabling Large Language Models (LLMs) to solve real-world tasks. Prior work has shown the effectiveness of instruction-tuning data synthesized solely from LLMs, raising a fundamental question: Do we still…

Instruction tuning improves the performance of large language models (LLMs), but it heavily relies on high-quality training data. Recently, LLMs have been used to synthesize instruction data using seed question-answer (QA) pairs. However,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Chi Zhang , Huaping Zhong , Hongtao Li , Chengliang Chai , Jiawei Hong , Yuhao Deng , Jiacheng Wang , Tian Tan , Yizhou Yan , Jiantao Qiu , Ye Yuan , Guoren Wang , Conghui He , Lei Cao

Large language models are trained in two stages: (1) unsupervised pretraining from raw text, to learn general-purpose representations, and (2) large scale instruction tuning and reinforcement learning, to better align to end tasks and user…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-22 Chunting Zhou , Pengfei Liu , Puxin Xu , Srini Iyer , Jiao Sun , Yuning Mao , Xuezhe Ma , Avia Efrat , Ping Yu , Lili Yu , Susan Zhang , Gargi Ghosh , Mike Lewis , Luke Zettlemoyer , Omer Levy

Continual learning (CL) is a paradigm that aims to replicate the human ability to learn and accumulate knowledge continually without forgetting previous knowledge and transferring it to new tasks. Recent instruction tuning (IT) involves…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Zihan Zhang , Meng Fang , Ling Chen , Mohammad-Reza Namazi-Rad

Prompt Learning has recently gained great popularity in bridging the gap between pretraining tasks and various downstream tasks. It freezes Pretrained Language Models (PLMs) and only tunes a few task-related parameters (prompts) for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-06-07 Yuezihan Jiang , Hao Yang , Junyang Lin , Hanyu Zhao , An Yang , Chang Zhou , Hongxia Yang , Zhi Yang , Bin Cui

Prompt tuning (PT) is an effective approach to adapting pre-trained language models to downstream tasks. Without a good initialization, prompt tuning doesn't perform well under few-shot settings. So pre-trained prompt tuning (PPT) is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-26 Yukun Huang , Kun Qian , Zhou Yu

While Large Language Models (LLMs) acquire vast knowledge during pre-training, they often lack domain-specific, new, or niche information. Continual pre-training (CPT) attempts to address this gap but suffers from catastrophic forgetting…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-09 Oded Ovadia , Meni Brief , Rachel Lemberg , Eitam Sheetrit

The capabilities and limitations of Large Language Models have been sketched out in great detail in recent years, providing an intriguing yet conflicting picture. On the one hand, LLMs demonstrate a general ability to solve problems. On the…