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This paper introduces a Distributed Unknown Input Observer (D-UIO) design methodology that uses a technique called node-wise detectability decomposition to estimate the state of a discrete-time linear time-invariant (LTI) system in a…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-04-24 Franco Angelo Torchiaro , Gianfranco Gagliardi , Francesco Tedesco , Alessandro Casavola

The growing deployment of low-cost, distributed sensor networks in environmental and biomedical domains has enabled continuous, large-scale health monitoring. However, these systems often face challenges related to degraded data quality…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Keivan Faghih Niresi , Ismail Nejjar , Olga Fink

Recent lightweight MLP-based models have achieved strong performance in time series forecasting by capturing stable trends and seasonal patterns. However, their effectiveness hinges on an implicit assumption of local stationarity…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Zhiyu Chen , Minhao Liu , Yanru Zhang

Nonstationarity of real-life time series requires model adaptation. In classical approaches like ARMA-ARCH there is assumed some arbitrarily chosen dependence type. To avoid their bias, we will focus on novel more agnostic approach: moving…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-06-09 Jarek Duda

We consider the setting where a collection of time series, modeled as random processes, evolve in a causal manner, and one is interested in learning the graph governing the relationships of these processes. A special case of wide interest…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-08-30 Hossein Hosseini , Sreeram Kannan , Baosen Zhang , Radha Poovendran

Transformers have demonstrated remarkable efficacy in forecasting time series data. However, their extensive dependence on self-attention mechanisms demands significant computational resources, thereby limiting their practical applicability…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-26 Cat P. Le , Chris Cannella , Ali Hasan , Yuting Ng , Vahid Tarokh

Time series classification is an important problem in real world. Due to its non-stationary property that the distribution changes over time, it remains challenging to build models for generalization to unseen distributions. In this paper,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-01 Wang Lu , Jindong Wang , Xinwei Sun , Yiqiang Chen , Xing Xie

Unsupervised learning aims at the discovery of hidden structure that drives the observations in the real world. It is essential for success in modern machine learning. Latent variable models are versatile in unsupervised learning and have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-06-13 Furong Huang

As multimodal data proliferates across diverse real-world applications, leveraging heterogeneous information such as texts and timestamps for accurate time series forecasting (TSF) has become a critical challenge. While diffusion models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Da Zhang , Bingyu Li , Zhuyuan Zhao , Junyu Gao , Feiping Nie , Xuelong Li

A defining feature of non-stationary systems is the time dependence of their statistical parameters. Measured time series may exhibit Gaussian statistics on short time horizons, due to the central limit theorem. The sample statistics for…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2020-10-08 Rudi Schäfer , Sonja Barkhofen , Thomas Guhr , Hans-Jürgen Stöckmann , Ulrich Kuhl

We propose a unified framework that extends the inference methods for classical hidden Markov models to continuous settings, where both the hidden states and observations occur in continuous time. Two different settings are analyzed: hidden…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-06-18 Qingcan Wang , Weinan E

Non-stationarity is a fundamental challenge in multivariate long-term time series forecasting, often manifested as rapid changes in amplitude and phase. These variations lead to severe distribution shifts and consequently degrade predictive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Yue Hu , Jialiang Tang , Siwei Yu , Baosheng Yu , Jing Zhang , Dacheng Tao

The distribution of a neural network's latent representations has been successfully used to detect out-of-distribution (OOD) data. This work investigates whether this distribution moreover correlates with a model's epistemic uncertainty,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-24 Janis Postels , Hermann Blum , Yannick Strümpler , Cesar Cadena , Roland Siegwart , Luc Van Gool , Federico Tombari

A nonhomogeneous hidden semi-Markov model is proposed to segment toroidal time series according to a finite number of latent regimes and, simultaneously, estimate the influence of time-varying covariates on the process' survival under each…

Applications · Statistics 2023-12-25 Francesco Lagona , Marco Mingione

Objective: To develop multisensor-wearable-device sleep monitoring algorithms that are robust to health disruptions affecting sleep patterns. Methods: We develop an unsupervised transfer learning algorithm based on a multivariate hidden…

Uncertainty-aware prediction is essential for safe motion planning, especially when using learned models to forecast the behavior of surrounding agents. Conformal prediction is a statistical tool often used to produce uncertainty-aware…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-19 Allen Emmanuel Binny , Anushri Dixit

This paper is devoted to the estimation of the shift parameter in a semiparametric regression model when the distribution of the observation times is unknown. Hence, we propose to use a stochastic algorithm which takes into account the…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2013-12-23 Philippe Fraysse

This study aims to improve the spatial representation of uncertainties when regressing surface wind speeds from large-scale atmospheric predictors for sub-seasonal forecasting. Sub-seasonal forecasting often relies on large-scale…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Ganglin Tian , Anastase Alexandre Charantonis , Camille Le Coz , Alexis Tantet , Riwal Plougonven

Instance normalization (IN) is widely used in non-stationary multivariate time series forecasting to reduce distribution shifts and highlight common patterns across samples. However, IN can over-smooth instance-specific structural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Hao Li , Lu Zhang , Liu Chong , Yankai Chen , Pengyang Wang , Yingjie Zhou

Recently, multivariate time series forecasting tasks have garnered increasing attention due to their significant practical applications, leading to the emergence of various deep forecasting models. However, real-world time series exhibit…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Jiaxi Hu , Qingsong Wen , Sijie Ruan , Li Liu , Yuxuan Liang