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Large language models have emerged as a promising approach towards achieving general-purpose AI agents. The thriving open-source LLM community has greatly accelerated the development of agents that support human-machine dialogue interaction…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-07 Zhenfei Yin , Jiong Wang , Jianjian Cao , Zhelun Shi , Dingning Liu , Mukai Li , Lu Sheng , Lei Bai , Xiaoshui Huang , Zhiyong Wang , Jing Shao , Wanli Ouyang

Many vision-related tasks benefit from reasoning over multiple modalities to leverage complementary views of data in an attempt to learn robust embedding spaces. Most deep learning-based methods rely on a late fusion technique whereby…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-03-04 Austin Reiter , Menglin Jia , Pu Yang , Ser-Nam Lim

Multimodal learning typically relies on the assumption that all modalities are fully available during both the training and inference phases. However, in real-world scenarios, consistently acquiring complete multimodal data presents…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-18 Donggeun Kim , Taesup Kim

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) combine the natural language understanding and generation capabilities of LLMs with perception skills in modalities such as image and audio, representing a key advancement in contemporary AI. This…

Recent advancements in biology and chemistry have leveraged multi-modal learning, integrating molecules and their natural language descriptions to enhance drug discovery. However, current pre-training frameworks are limited to two…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-05 Teng Xiao , Chao Cui , Huaisheng Zhu , Vasant G. Honavar

While multimodal fusion has been extensively studied in Multimodal Sentiment Analysis (MSA), the role of fusion depth and multimodal capacity allocation remains underexplored. In this work, we position fusion depth, scalability, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-16 Efthymios Georgiou , Vassilis Katsouros , Yannis Avrithis , Alexandros Potamianos

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have played an increasingly important role in multimodal intelligence. However, the existing fine-tuning methods often ignore cross-modal heterogeneity, limiting their full potential. In this work,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Ruishu Zhu , Sida Huang , Ziheng Jiao , Hongyuan Zhang

Multi-table entity matching (MEM) addresses the limitations of dual-table approaches by enabling simultaneous identification of equivalent entities across multiple data sources without unique identifiers. However, existing methods relying…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Yingkai Tang , Taoyu Su , Wenyuan Zhang , Xiaoyang Guo , Tingwen Liu

Recent Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have demonstrated significant progress in perceiving and reasoning over multimodal inquiries, ushering in a new research era for foundation models. However, vision-language misalignment in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Wei-Yao Wang , Zhao Wang , Helen Suzuki , Yoshiyuki Kobayashi

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs), such as GPT-4o, are garnering significant attention. During the exploration of MLLM training, we identified Modality Composition Incoherence, a phenomenon that the proportion of a certain modality…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Yijie Zheng , Bangjun Xiao , Lei Shi , Xiaoyang Li , Faming Wu , Tianyu Li , Xuefeng Xiao , Yang Zhang , Yuxuan Wang , Shouda Liu

State-of-the-art vision-and-language models consist of many parameters and learn from enormous datasets, surpassing the amounts of linguistic data that children are exposed to as they acquire a language. This paper presents our approach to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Ece Takmaz , Lisa Bylinina , Jakub Dotlacil

Large-scale models have exhibited remarkable capabilities across diverse domains, including automated medical services and intelligent customer support. However, as most large models are trained on single-modality corpora, enabling them to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Hao Sun , Yu Song , Jiaqing Liu , Jihong Hu , Yen-Wei Chen , Lanfen Lin

We present ReMatch, a framework that leverages the generative strength of MLLMs for multimodal retrieval. Previous approaches treated an MLLM as a simple encoder, ignoring its generative nature, and under-utilising its compositional…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Qianying Liu , Xiao Liang , Zhiqiang Zhang , Zhongfei Qing , Fengfan Zhou , Yibo Chen , Xu Tang , Yao Hu , Paul Henderson

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable success, and their multimodal expansions (MLLMs) further unlock capabilities spanning images, videos, and other modalities beyond text. However, despite this shift, prompt optimization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Yumin Choi , Dongki Kim , Jinheon Baek , Sung Ju Hwang

Unified multimodal models aim to integrate understanding (text output) and generation (pixel output), but aligning these different modalities within a single architecture often demands complex training recipes and careful data balancing. We…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-09 Xichen Pan , Satya Narayan Shukla , Aashu Singh , Zhuokai Zhao , Shlok Kumar Mishra , Jialiang Wang , Zhiyang Xu , Jiuhai Chen , Kunpeng Li , Felix Juefei-Xu , Ji Hou , Saining Xie

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) excel in solving text-based mathematical problems, but they struggle with mathematical diagrams since they are primarily trained on natural scene images. For humans, visual aids generally enhance…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-26 Wenwen Zhuang , Xin Huang , Xiantao Zhang , Jin Zeng

Multimodal Entity Linking (MEL) is a crucial task that aims at linking ambiguous mentions within multimodal contexts to the referent entities in a multimodal knowledge base, such as Wikipedia. Existing methods focus heavily on using complex…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-22 Liu Qi , He Yongyi , Lian Defu , Zheng Zhi , Xu Tong , Liu Che , Chen Enhong

Open-source multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have shown significant potential in a broad range of multimodal tasks. However, their reasoning capabilities remain constrained by existing instruction-tuning datasets, which were…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Jarvis Guo , Tuney Zheng , Yuelin Bai , Bo Li , Yubo Wang , King Zhu , Yizhi Li , Graham Neubig , Wenhu Chen , Xiang Yue

Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs) are increasingly prominent in the field of artificial intelligence. These models not only excel in traditional vision-language tasks but also demonstrate impressive performance in contemporary…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-06 Xiaotian Han , Quanzeng You , Yongfei Liu , Wentao Chen , Huangjie Zheng , Khalil Mrini , Xudong Lin , Yiqi Wang , Bohan Zhai , Jianbo Yuan , Heng Wang , Hongxia Yang

Analogical reasoning, particularly in multimodal contexts, is the foundation of human perception and creativity. Multimodal Large Language Model (MLLM) has recently sparked considerable discussion due to its emergent capabilities. In this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Diandian Guo , Cong Cao , Fangfang Yuan , Dakui Wang , Wei Ma , Yanbing Liu , Jianhui Fu