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Sampling from the posterior is a key technical problem in Bayesian statistics. Rigorous guarantees are difficult to obtain for Markov Chain Monte Carlo algorithms of common use. In this paper, we study an alternative class of algorithms…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2024-08-26 Andrea Montanari , Yuchen Wu

Given a noisy linear measurement $y = Ax + \xi$ of a distribution $p(x)$, and a good approximation to the prior $p(x)$, when can we sample from the posterior $p(x \mid y)$? Posterior sampling provides an accurate and fair framework for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Zhiyang Xun , Shivam Gupta , Eric Price

Diffusion models have been recently studied as powerful generative inverse problem solvers, owing to their high quality reconstructions and the ease of combining existing iterative solvers. However, most works focus on solving simple linear…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-10-06 Hyungjin Chung , Jeongsol Kim , Michael T. Mccann , Marc L. Klasky , Jong Chul Ye

We present the first framework to solve linear inverse problems leveraging pre-trained latent diffusion models. Previously proposed algorithms (such as DPS and DDRM) only apply to pixel-space diffusion models. We theoretically analyze our…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-04 Litu Rout , Negin Raoof , Giannis Daras , Constantine Caramanis , Alexandros G. Dimakis , Sanjay Shakkottai

We study the problem of posterior sampling in the context of score based generative models. We have a trained score network for a prior $p(x)$, a measurement model $p(y|x)$, and are tasked with sampling from the posterior $p(x|y)$. Prior…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Advait Parulekar , Litu Rout , Karthikeyan Shanmugam , Sanjay Shakkottai

We introduce a novel, training-free method for sampling differentiable representations (diffreps) using pretrained diffusion models. Rather than merely mode-seeking, our method achieves sampling by "pulling back" the dynamics of the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-11 Yash Savani , Marc Finzi , J. Zico Kolter

Diffusion models have excellent capacity to model complex distributions of natural data, which has made them a popular and effective choice for posterior sampling in imaging inverse problems. Existing methods can incorporate any measurement…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Benjamin A. Burns , Sara Fridovich-Keil

Zero-shot diffusion posterior sampling offers a flexible framework for inverse problems by accommodating arbitrary degradation operators at test time, but incurs high computational cost due to repeated likelihood-guided updates. In…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-02-10 Léon Zheng , Thomas Hirtz , Yazid Janati , Eric Moulines

Recovering a signal from its degraded measurements is a long standing challenge in science and engineering. Recently, zero-shot diffusion based methods have been proposed for such inverse problems, offering a posterior sampling based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Roi Benita , Michael Elad , Joseph Keshet

Denoising diffusions sample from a probability distribution $\mu$ in $\mathbb{R}^d$ by constructing a stochastic process $({\hat{\boldsymbol x}}_t:t\ge 0)$ in $\mathbb{R}^d$ such that ${\hat{\boldsymbol x}}_0$ is easy to sample, but the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-04-09 Andrea Montanari , Viet Vu

We consider the problem of sampling from the posterior distribution of a $d$-dimensional coefficient vector $\boldsymbol{\theta}$, given linear observations $\boldsymbol{y} = \boldsymbol{X}\boldsymbol{\theta}+\boldsymbol{\varepsilon}$. In…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-07-01 Andrea Montanari , Yuchen Wu

Diffusion models have demonstrated remarkable efficacy in generating high-quality samples. Existing diffusion-based image restoration algorithms exploit pre-trained diffusion models to leverage data priors, yet they still preserve elements…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-08-07 Hongjie Wu , Linchao He , Mingqin Zhang , Dongdong Chen , Kunming Luo , Mengting Luo , Ji-Zhe Zhou , Hu Chen , Jiancheng Lv

Diffusion models generate samples through an iterative denoising process, guided by a neural network. While training the denoiser on real-world data is computationally demanding, the sampling procedure itself is more flexible. This…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Constant Bourdrez , Alexandre Vérine , Olivier Cappé

Inference-time algorithms are an emerging paradigm in which pre-trained models are used as subroutines to solve downstream tasks. Such algorithms have been proposed for tasks ranging from inverse problems and guided image generation to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Ankur Moitra , Andrej Risteski , Dhruv Rohatgi

Diffusion models have emerged as effective distribution estimators in vision, language, and reinforcement learning, but their use as priors in downstream tasks poses an intractable posterior inference problem. This paper studies amortized…

We propose Amortized Posterior Sampling (APS), a novel variational inference approach for efficient posterior sampling in inverse problems. Our method trains a conditional flow model to minimize the divergence between the variational…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-14 Abbas Mammadov , Hyungjin Chung , Jong Chul Ye

For a given target density, there exist an infinite number of diffusion processes which are ergodic with respect to this density. As observed in a number of papers, samplers based on nonreversible diffusion processes can significantly…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-01-17 A. B. Duncan , G. A. Pavliotis , K. C. Zygalakis

Diffusion models can generate a variety of high-quality images by modeling complex data distributions. Trained diffusion models can also be very effective image priors for solving inverse problems. Most of the existing diffusion-based…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-01 Nebiyou Yismaw , Ulugbek S. Kamilov , M. Salman Asif

Even in low dimensions, sampling from multi-modal distributions is challenging. We provide the first sampling algorithm for a broad class of distributions -- including all Gaussian mixtures -- with a query complexity that is polynomial in…

Computation · Statistics 2025-10-24 Adrien Vacher , Omar Chehab , Anna Korba

Achieving robust uncertainty quantification for deep neural networks represents an important requirement in many real-world applications of deep learning such as medical imaging where it is necessary to assess the reliability of a neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-15 Tim Rensmeyer , Oliver Niggemann
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