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Transductive inference is an effective means of tackling the data deficiency problem in few-shot learning settings. A popular transductive inference technique for few-shot metric-based approaches, is to update the prototype of each class…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-25 Seong Min Kye , Hae Beom Lee , Hoirin Kim , Sung Ju Hwang

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) and their multimodal variants have led to remarkable progress across various domains, demonstrating impressive capabilities and unprecedented potential. In the era of ubiquitous…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-02-14 Jiawei Shao , Xuelong Li

Prompt underspecification is a common challenge when interacting with LLMs. In this paper, we present an in-depth analysis of this problem, showing that while LLMs can often infer unspecified requirements by default (41.1%), such behavior…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Chenyang Yang , Yike Shi , Qianou Ma , Michael Xieyang Liu , Christian Kästner , Tongshuang Wu

Traditional data mining algorithms are exceptional at seeing patterns in data that humans cannot, but are often confused by details that are obvious to the organic eye. Algorithms that include humans "in-the-loop" have proved beneficial for…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2017-12-05 Austin Graham , Yan Liang , Le Gruenwald , Christan Grant

Session types, types for structuring communication between endpoints in distributed systems, are recently being integrated into mainstream programming languages. In practice, a very important notion for dealing with such types is that of…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Mario Bravetti , Marco Carbone , Julien Lange , Nobuko Yoshida , Gianluigi Zavattaro

Understanding a program's runtime reasoning behavior, meaning how intermediate states and control flows lead to final execution results, is essential for reliable code generation, debugging, and automated reasoning. Although large language…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Mohammad Abdollahi , Khandaker Rifah Tasnia , Soumit Kanti Saha , Jinqiu Yang , Song Wang , Hadi Hemmati

This paper introduces a simple type system for combinatory logic in which combinators have at most one type, whose polymorphism is revealed by application. The combinatory types exactly describe the structure of their values, which may be…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Barry Jay , Johannes Bader

Information flow analysis is a powerful technique for reasoning about the sensitive information exposed by a program during its execution. While past work has proposed information theoretic metrics (e.g., Shannon entropy, min-entropy,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2010-09-22 Ji Zhu , Mudhakar Srivatsa

Recovering high-level type information in binaries is a key task in reverse engineering and binary analysis. Binaries contain very little explicit type information. The structure of binary code is incredibly flexible allowing for ad-hoc…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Ian Smith

Understanding communication behavior in modern system-on-chip (SoC) designs is critical for functional verification, performance analysis, and post-silicon debugging. Communication traces capture message exchanges among system components…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Bardia Nadimi , Hao Zheng

This study presents a conditional flow matching framework for solving physics-constrained Bayesian inverse problems. In this setting, samples from the joint distribution of inferred variables and measurements are assumed available, while…

Python's dynamic type system, while offering significant flexibility and expressiveness, poses substantial challenges for static analysis and automated tooling, particularly in unannotated or partially annotated codebases. Existing type…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Ali Aman , Muhammad Asaduzzaman , Shaowei Wang

Large language models (LLMs) represent words through contextual word embeddings encoding different language properties like semantics and syntax. Understanding these properties is crucial, especially for researchers investigating language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-16 Rita Sevastjanova , Robin Gerling , Thilo Spinner , Mennatallah El-Assady

In multiphase flow systems, classifying flow patterns is crucial to optimize fluid dynamics and enhance system efficiency. Current industrial methods and scientific laboratories mainly depend on techniques such as flow visualization using…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-27 Nian Ran , Fayez M. Al-Alweet , Richard Allmendinger , Ahmad Almakhlafi

Inferring semantic types for entity mentions within text documents is an important asset for many downstream NLP tasks, such as Semantic Role Labelling, Entity Disambiguation, Knowledge Base Question Answering, etc. Prior works have mostly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-06 Sarthak Dash , Nandana Mihindukulasooriya , Alfio Gliozzo , Mustafa Canim

Accurate detection of disfluencies in spoken language is crucial for enhancing the performance of automatic speech and language processing systems, as well as fostering the development of more inclusive speech and language technologies.…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Duygu Altinok

Understanding student difficulties in programming is a complex challenge due to the wide range of topics and the abundant varieties of misconceptions and errors. This paper presents the design and development of a fine-grained taxonomy that…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Dimitri Eckert , Christian Kautz

Type-and-effect systems help the programmer to organize data and computational effects in a program. While for traditional type systems expressive variants with sophisticated inference algorithms have been developed and widely used in…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Patrycja Balik , Szymon Jędras , Piotr Polesiuk

This paper presents a novel framework for inferring timed temporal logic properties from data. The dataset comprises pairs of finite-time system traces and corresponding labels, denoting whether the traces demonstrate specific desired…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-15 Kaier Liang , Gustavo A. Cardona , Disha Kamale , Cristian-Ioan Vasile

We propose a novel type system for verifying that programs correctly implement constant-resource behavior. Our type system extends recent work on automatic amortized resource analysis (AARA), a set of techniques that automatically derive…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2018-01-09 Van Chan Ngo , Mario Dehesa-Azuara , Matthew Fredrikson , Jan Hoffmann