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Cascaded or stacked intelligent metasurfaces (SIMs) have emerged as a promising technology to overcome the physical limitations of single-layer reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) in wideband wireless communication. By intelligently…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Muhammad Ibrahim , Amine Mezghani , Ekram Hossain

Intelligent surfaces represent a breakthrough technology capable of customizing the wireless channel cost-effectively. However, the existing works generally focus on planar wavefront, neglecting near-field spherical wavefront…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Xing Jia , Jiancheng An , Hao Liu , Lu Gan , Marco Di Renzo , Mérouane Debbah , Chau Yuen

Although reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) is a promising technology for shaping the propagation environment, it consists of a single-layer structure within inherent limitations regarding the number of beam steering patterns. Based…

Intelligent metasurface has recently emerged as a promising technology that enables the customization of wireless environments by harnessing large numbers of low-cost reconfigurable scattering elements. However, prior studies have…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-05-05 Jiancheng An , Marco Di Renzo , Mérouane Debbah , H. Vincent Poor , Chau Yuen

Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) enable programmable control of wireless propagation. Beyond environmental deployments, integrating metasurfaces at the antenna front end allows direct manipulation of the radiated electromagnetic…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-09 Chandan Kumar Sheemar , Wali Ullah Khan , Sourabh Solanki , George C. Alexandropoulos , Symeon Chatzinotas

Reconfigurable intelligent surface has recently emerged as a promising technology for shaping the wireless environment by leveraging massive low-cost reconfigurable elements. Prior works mainly focus on a single-layer metasurface that lacks…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-02-15 Jiancheng An , Marco Di Renzo , Merouane Debbah , Chau Yuen

Stacked intelligent metasurface (SIM) is an emerging design that consists of multiple layers of metasurfaces. A SIM enables holographic multiple-input multiple-output (HMIMO) precoding in the wave domain, which results in the reduction of…

Stacked intelligent metasurfaces (SIMs) have recently emerged as an effective solution for next-generation wireless networks. A SIM comprises multiple metasurface layers that enable signal processing directly in the wave domain. Moreover,…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-11 Ahmed Magbool , Vaibhav Kumar , Marco Di Renzo , Mark F. Flanagan

Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RIS) represent transformative technologies for next-generation wireless communications, offering advanced control over electromagnetic wave propagation. While RIS have been extensively studied, Stacked…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-12 Andrea Abrardo , Giulio Bartoli , Alberto Toccafondi

Stacked intelligent metasurfaces (SIM) have recently emerged as a promising technology, which can realize transmit precoding in the wave domain. In this paper, we investigate a SIM-aided integrated sensing and communications system, in…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Haoxian Niu , Jiancheng An , Anastasios Papazafeiropoulos , Lu Gan , Symeon Chatzinotas , Mérouane Debbah

We consider stacked intelligent metasurfaces (SIMs) as a tool to improve the performance of bistatic integrated sensing and communications (ISAC) schemes. To that end, we optimize the SIMs and design a radar parameter estimation (RPE)…

Intelligent metasurfaces have demonstrated great promise in revolutionizing wireless communications. One notable example is the two-dimensional (2D) programmable metasurface, which is also known as reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS)…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Jiancheng An , Mérouane Debbah , Tie Jun Cui , Zhi Ning Chen , Chau Yuen

The revolutionary technology of \emph{Stacked Intelligent Metasurfaces (SIM)} has been recently shown to be capable of carrying out advanced signal processing directly in the native electromagnetic (EM) wave domain. An SIM is fabricated by…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-05-16 Jiancheng An , Chao Xu , Derrick Wing Kwan Ng , George C. Alexandropoulos , Chongwen Huang , Chau Yuen , Lajos Hanzo

Stacked intelligent metasurface (SIM) is an emerging technology that capitalizes on reconfigurable metasurfaces for several applications in wireless communications. SIM is considered an enabler for integrating communication, sensing and…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-12-02 Marco Di Renzo

The integration of reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) into future wireless communication systems offers promising capabilities in dynamic environment shaping and spectrum efficiency. In this work, we present a consistent…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-26 Ivan Iudice , Giacinto Gelli , Donatella Darsena

Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) are envisioned as a promising technology for future wireless communications. With various hardware realizations, RISs can work under different modes (reflective/transmissive/hybrid) or have…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-08-08 Hongyu Li , Shanpu Shen , Bruno Clerckx

Stacked intelligent metasurfaces (SIMs) have emerged as a powerful paradigm for wave-domain signal processing, enabling fine-grained control over electromagnetic (EM) propagation in next-generation wireless systems. However, conventional…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Hong Niu , Chau Yuen , Marco Di Renzo , Mérouane Debbah , H. Vincent Poor

The rapid growth of wireless communications has created a significant demand for high throughput, seamless connectivity, and extremely low latency. To meet these goals, a novel technology -- stacked intelligent metasurfaces (SIMs) -- has…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-05-05 Hao Liu , Jiancheng An , Xing Jia , Lu Gan , George K. Karagiannidis , Bruno Clerckx , Mehdi Bennis , Mérouane Debbah , Tie Jun Cui

Stacked intelligent metasurfaces (SIMs) represent a novel signal processing paradigm that enables over-the-air processing of electromagnetic waves at the speed of light. Their multi-layer architecture exhibits customizable computational…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Hao Liu , Jiancheng An , George C. Alexandropoulos , Derrick Wing Kwan Ng , Chau Yuen , Lu Gan

Stacked intelligent metasurfaces (SIM) represents an advanced signal processing paradigm that enables over-the-air processing of electromagnetic waves at the speed of light. Its multi-layer structure exhibits customizable increased…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-02-15 Hao Liu , Jiancheng An , Derrick Wing Kwan Ng , George C. Alexandropoulos , Lu Gan
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