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Deep neural networks excel at function approximation, yet they are typically trained from scratch for each new function. On the other hand, Bayesian methods, such as Gaussian Processes (GPs), exploit prior knowledge to quickly infer the…

In this work, we study scaling limits of shallow Bayesian neural networks (BNNs) via their connection to Gaussian processes (GPs), with an emphasis on statistical modeling, identifiability, and scalable inference. We first establish a…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-02-27 Gracielle Antunes de Araújo , Flávio B. Gonçalves

In this paper we introduce deep Gaussian process (GP) models. Deep GPs are a deep belief network based on Gaussian process mappings. The data is modeled as the output of a multivariate GP. The inputs to that Gaussian process are then…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2013-03-26 Andreas C. Damianou , Neil D. Lawrence

Neural Processes (NPs; Garnelo et al., 2018a,b) are a rich class of models for meta-learning that map data sets directly to predictive stochastic processes. We provide a rigorous analysis of the standard maximum-likelihood objective used to…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-01-12 Wessel P. Bruinsma , James Requeima , Andrew Y. K. Foong , Jonathan Gordon , Richard E. Turner

Gaussian Processes (GPs) provide a convenient framework for specifying function-space priors, making them a natural choice for modeling uncertainty. In contrast, Bayesian Neural Networks (BNNs) offer greater scalability and extendability…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Marcin Sendera , Amin Sorkhei , Tomasz Kuśmierczyk

Neural networks in general, from MLPs and CNNs to attention-based Transformers, are constructed from layers of linear combinations followed by nonlinear operations such as ReLU, Sigmoid, or Softmax. Despite their strength, these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Weiguo Lu , Gangnan Yuan , Hong-kun Zhang , Shangyang Li

Gaussian processes (GPs) are powerful but computationally expensive machine learning models, requiring an estimate of the kernel covariance matrix for every prediction. In large and complex domains, such as graphs, sets, or images, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-22 Alessandro Tibo , Thomas Dyhre Nielsen

With the strengths of both deep learning and kernel methods like Gaussian Processes (GPs), Deep Kernel Learning (DKL) has gained considerable attention in recent years. From the computational perspective, however, DKL becomes challenging…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Wenyuan Zhao , Haoyuan Chen , Tie Liu , Rui Tuo , Chao Tian

Gaussian processes (GPs) are an attractive class of machine learning models because of their simplicity and flexibility as building blocks of more complex Bayesian models. Meanwhile, graph neural networks (GNNs) emerged recently as a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-14 Zehao Niu , Mihai Anitescu , Jie Chen

Gaussian Process (GP) models are a powerful tool in probabilistic machine learning with a solid theoretical foundation. Thanks to current advances, modeling complex data with GPs is becoming increasingly feasible, which makes them an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Sarem Seitz

Learning mappings between functional spaces, also known as function-on-function regression, is a fundamental problem in functional data analysis with broad applications, including spatiotemporal forecasting, curve prediction, and climate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Matthew Lowery , Zhitong Xu , Da Long , Keyan Chen , Daniel S. Johnson , Yang Bai , Varun Shankar , Shandian Zhe

Artificial neural networks (NNs) are one of the most frequently used machine learning approaches to construct interatomic potentials and enable efficient large-scale atomistic simulations with almost ab initio accuracy. However, the…

Computational Physics · Physics 2021-10-05 Viktor Zaverkin , David Holzmüller , Ingo Steinwart , Johannes Kästner

Graph convolutional neural networks~(GCNs) have recently demonstrated promising results on graph-based semi-supervised classification, but little work has been done to explore their theoretical properties. Recently, several deep neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-28 Jilin Hu , Jianbing Shen , Bin Yang , Ling Shao

Deep Gaussian processes (DGPs) are multi-layer hierarchical generalisations of Gaussian processes (GPs) and are formally equivalent to neural networks with multiple, infinitely wide hidden layers. DGPs are nonparametric probabilistic models…

Generalized additive models (GAMs) provide a way to blend parametric and non-parametric (function approximation) techniques together, making them flexible tools suitable for many modeling problems. For instance, GAMs can be used to…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-03-07 Antti Solonen , Stratos Staboulis

Neural Architecture Search (NAS) methods have shown to output networks that largely outperform human-designed networks. However, conventional NAS methods have mostly tackled the single dataset scenario, incuring in a large computational…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-14 Sofia Casarin , Oswald Lanz , Sergio Escalera

Deep generative models (DGM) are neural networks with many hidden layers trained to approximate complicated, high-dimensional probability distributions using a large number of samples. When trained successfully, we can use the DGMs to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-13 Lars Ruthotto , Eldad Haber

Neural networks and Gaussian processes are complementary in their strengths and weaknesses. Having a better understanding of their relationship comes with the promise to make each method benefit from the strengths of the other. In this…

Generalized Additive Models (GAMs) have quickly become the leading choice for inherently-interpretable machine learning. However, unlike uninterpretable methods such as DNNs, they lack expressive power and easy scalability, and are hence…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-20 Abhimanyu Dubey , Filip Radenovic , Dhruv Mahajan

We propose the Gaussian Gated Linear Network (G-GLN), an extension to the recently proposed GLN family of deep neural networks. Instead of using backpropagation to learn features, GLNs have a distributed and local credit assignment…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-22 David Budden , Adam Marblestone , Eren Sezener , Tor Lattimore , Greg Wayne , Joel Veness