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Binary black hole (BBH) systems detected via gravitational-wave (GW) emission are a recently opened astrophysical frontier with many unknowns and uncertainties. Accurate reconstruction of the binary distribution with as few assumptions as…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-11-22 Jam Sadiq , Thomas Dent , Mark Gieles

Regardless of their initial spins, the merger of two roughly equal mass black holes (BHs) produces a remnant BH of dimensionless spin $0.69$. Such remnants can merge with other BHs in dense stellar environments and produce hierarchical…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-03-02 Aditya Vijaykumar , Amanda M. Farah , Maya Fishbach

Most stars form in dense stellar environments. It is speculated that some dense star clusters may host intermediate-mass black holes (IMBHs), which may have formed from runaway collisions between high-mass stars, or from the mergers of less…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-08-26 Francesco Flammini Dotti , M. B. N. Kouwenhoven , Qi Shu , Wei Hao , Rainer Spurzem

We study the long-term orbital evolution of stars around a merging massive or supermassive black-hole (BH) binary, taking into account the general relativistic effect induced by the BH spin. When the BH spin is significant compared to and…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-05-02 Bin Liu , Dong Lai

In dense stellar environments, the merger products of binary black hole mergers may undergo additional mergers. These hierarchical mergers are predicted to have higher masses than the first generation of black holes made from stars. The…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-10-16 Chase Kimball , Colm Talbot , Christopher P. L. Berry , Matthew Carney , Michael Zevin , Eric Thrane , Vicky Kalogera

Studying compact-object binary mergers in star clusters is crucial for understanding stellar evolution and dynamical interactions in galaxies. Open clusters in particular are more abundant over cosmic time than globular clusters, however,…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2025-08-25 Savannah Cary , Michiko Fujii , Long Wang , Ataru Tanikawa

We propose that the merger rate of primordial black hole (PBH) binaries can be a probe of Hubble parameter by constraining PBH mass function in the redshifted mass distribution of PBH binaries. In next-generation gravitational wave (GW)…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-05-13 Qianhang Ding

Primordial black holes in the mass range of ground-based gravitational-wave detectors can comprise a significant fraction of the dark matter. Mass and spin measurements from coalescences can be used to distinguish between an astrophysical…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2020-05-06 V. De Luca , G. Franciolini , P. Pani , A. Riotto

The high rate of black hole (BH) mergers detected by LIGO/Virgo opened questions on their astrophysical origin. One possibility is the dynamical channel, in which binary formation and hardening is catalyzed by dynamical encounters in…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2018-10-24 Giacomo Fragione , Bence Kocsis

Massive black hole (BH) mergers will be key targets of future gravitational wave and electromagnetic observational facilities. In order to constrain BH evolution with the information extracted from BH mergers, one must take into account the…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2023-10-03 C. A. Dong-Páez , M. Volonteri , R. S. Beckmann , Y. Dubois , M. Trebitsch , A. Mangiagli , S. Vergani , N. Webb

We derive the probability for a newly formed binary black hole (BBH) to undergo an eccentric gravitational wave (GW) merger during binary-single interactions inside a stellar cluster. By integrating over the hardening interactions such a…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2018-05-30 Johan Samsing

As the number of gravitational-wave detections grows, the merger rate of binary black holes (BBHs) can help us to constrain their formation, the properties of their progenitors, and their birth environment. Here, we aim to address the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-06-24 Cecilia Sgalletta , Michela Mapelli , Lumen Boco , Filippo Santoliquido , M. Celeste Artale , Giuliano Iorio , Andrea Lapi , Mario Spera

The origin of the mass scaling relation between supermassive black holes (SMBHs, $M_{\rm BH}$) and galaxies ($M_*$) remains a key open question. Rather than invoking AGN feedback, a non-causal mechanism has been proposed in which multiple…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2026-04-10 Takumi S. Tanaka , John D. Silverman , Kazuhiro Shimasaku , Knud Jahnke , Junyao Li , Makoto Ando

Since the first signal in 2015, the gravitational-wave detections of merging binary black holes (BBHs) by the LIGO and Virgo collaborations (LVC) have completely transformed our understanding of the lives and deaths of compact object…

Repeated black-hole mergers in dense stellar clusters are a plausible mechanism to populate the predicted gap in black hole masses due to the pair-instability supernova process. These hierarchical mergers carry distinct spin characteristics…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-05-06 Cailin Plunkett , Thomas Callister , Michael Zevin , Salvatore Vitale

Searching for distinctive signatures, which characterize different formation channels of binary black holes (BBHs), is a crucial step towards the interpretation of current and future gravitational wave detections. Here, we investigate the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-06-26 Ugo N. Di Carlo , Nicola Giacobbo , Michela Mapelli , Mario Pasquato , Mario Spera , Long Wang , Francesco Haardt

The detection of gravitational-wave events revealed that there are numerous populations of black hole (BH) binaries that can merge within the age of the Universe. Although several formation channels of such binaries are known, considerable…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2023-01-18 So Okano , Teruaki Suyama

We present a novel self-consistent theoretical framework to characterize the formation, evolution, and merger sites of dynamically-formed black hole binaries, with a focus on explaining the most massive events observed by the…

Theoretical predictions suggest that very massive stars have the potential to form through multiple collisions and eventually evolve into intermediate-mass black holes (IMBHs) within Population III star clusters embedded in mini dark matter…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2024-09-04 Shuai Liu , Long Wang , Yi-Ming Hu , Ataru Tanikawa , Alessandro A. Trani

Massive black hole (MBH) binary inspiral time scales are uncertain, and their spins are even more poorly constrained. Spin misalignment, along with unequal mass ratios and spin magnitudes, introduces asymmetry in the gravitational…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2021-05-21 Mohammad Sayeb , Laura Blecha , Luke Zoltan Kelley , Davide Gerosa , Michael Kesden , July Thomas