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Human languages provide efficient systems for expressing numerosities, but whether the sheer pressure to communicate is enough for numerical representations to arise in artificial agents, and whether the emergent codes resemble human…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Daniela Mihai , Lucas Weber , Francesca Franzon

The impressive capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) raise the possibility that synthetic agents can serve as substitutes for real participants in human-subject research. To evaluate this claim, prior research has largely focused on…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-11 James Mooney , Josef Woldense , Zheng Robert Jia , Shirley Anugrah Hayati , My Ha Nguyen , Vipul Raheja , Dongyeop Kang

Prior efforts to create an autonomous computer system capable of predicting what a human being is thinking or feeling from facial expression data have been largely based on outdated, inaccurate models of how emotions work that rely on many…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-08-06 Trevor Buteau , Damian Lyons

The actions of intelligent agents, such as chatbots, recommender systems, and virtual assistants are typically not fully transparent to the user. Consequently, using such an agent involves the user exposing themselves to the risk that the…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2020-07-23 The Anh Han , Cedric Perret , Simon T. Powers

Conversations with non-player characters (NPCs) in games are typically confined to dialogue between a human player and a virtual agent, where the conversation is initiated and controlled by the player. To create richer, more believable…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-06-22 Hannah Morrison , Chris Martens

We study open domain dialogue generation with dialogue acts designed to explain how people engage in social chat. To imitate human behavior, we propose managing the flow of human-machine interactions with the dialogue acts as policies. The…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-07-23 Can Xu , Wei Wu , Yu Wu

For artificial intelligence to be beneficial to humans the behaviour of AI agents needs to be aligned with what humans want. In this paper we discuss some behavioural issues for language agents, arising from accidental misspecification by…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-03-30 Zachary Kenton , Tom Everitt , Laura Weidinger , Iason Gabriel , Vladimir Mikulik , Geoffrey Irving

With the growing popularity of generative AI for images, video, and music, we witnessed models rapidly improve in quality and performance. However, not much attention is paid towards enabling AI's ability to "be creative". In this study, we…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Naomi Imasato , Kazuki Miyazawa , Takayuki Nagai , Takato Horii

Building autonomous -- i.e., choosing goals based on one's needs -- and adaptive -- i.e., surviving in ever-changing environments -- agents has been a holy grail of artificial intelligence (AI). A living organism is a prime example of such…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Sungwoo Lee , Younghyun Oh , Hyunhoe An , Hyebhin Yoon , Karl J. Friston , Seok Jun Hong , Choong-Wan Woo

In this chapter, we provide a review of conversational agents (CAs), discussing chatbots, intended for casual conversation with a user, as well as task-oriented agents that generally engage in discussions intended to reach one or several…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-02-08 Mattias Wahde , Marco Virgolin

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable promise in communicating with humans. Their potential use as artificial partners with humans in sociological experiments involving conversation is an exciting prospect. But how viable is…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-04 James Flamino , Mohammed Shahid Modi , Boleslaw K. Szymanski , Brendan Cross , Colton Mikolajczyk

Automated dialogue or conversational systems are anthropomorphised by developers and personified by users. While a degree of anthropomorphism may be inevitable due to the choice of medium, conscious and unconscious design choices can guide…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Gavin Abercrombie , Amanda Cercas Curry , Tanvi Dinkar , Verena Rieser , Zeerak Talat

If human societies are so complex, then how can we hope to understand them? Artificial Life gives us one answer. The field of Artificial Life comprises a diverse set of introspective studies that largely ask the same questions, albeit from…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-02-07 Soo Ling Lim , Peter J. Bentley

This work asks whether a human interacting with a generative AI system can merge into a single individual through iterative, information-driven interactions. We model the interactions between a human, a generative AI system, and the human's…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-08-18 Jiejun Hu-Bolz , James Stovold

This article explores the dynamic influence of computational entities based on multi-agent systems theory (SMA) combined with large language models (LLM), which are characterized by their ability to simulate complex human interactions, as a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-03-18 Carlos Jose Xavier Cruz

While AI systems have equaled or surpassed human performance in a wide variety of games such as Chess, Go, or Dota 2, describing these systems as truly "human-like" remains far-fetched. Despite their success, they fail to replicate the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-09 Aloïs Rautureau , Éric Piette

The terms Agentic AI and Multiagentic AI have recently gained popularity in discussions on generative artificial intelligence, often used to describe autonomous software agents and systems composed of such agents. However, the use of these…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-06-03 V. Botti

Rapid advances in artificial intelligence necessitate a re-examination of the epistemological foundations upon which we attribute consciousness. As AI systems increasingly mimic human behavior and interaction with high fidelity, the concept…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Shurui Li

To cooperate with humans effectively, virtual agents need to be able to understand and execute language instructions. A typical setup to achieve this is with a scripted teacher which guides a virtual agent using language instructions.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-08-15 Mathijs Mul , Diane Bouchacourt , Elia Bruni

As AI systems become increasingly conversational, a gap emerges wherein explanations are studied as static artifacts, yet in practice, are experienced as dialogue. In this provocation, we argue that the conversational layer around an…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Niharika Mathur , Smit Desai