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While there has been significant progress in curriculum learning and continuous learning for training agents to generalize across a wide variety of environments in the context of single-agent reinforcement learning, it is unclear if these…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-12-20 Rupali Bhati , Sai Krishna Gottipati , Clodéric Mars , Matthew E. Taylor

Guided cooperation allows intelligent agents with heterogeneous capabilities to work together by following a leader-follower type of interaction. However, the associated control problem becomes challenging when the leader agent does not…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-02-01 Yuhan Zhao , Quanyan Zhu

Within the framework of Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning, Social Learning is a new class of algorithms that enables agents to reshape the reward function of other agents with the goal of promoting cooperation and achieving higher global…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-11 Paul Chelarescu

As AI agents evolve, the community is rapidly shifting from single Large Language Models (LLMs) to Multi-Agent Systems (MAS) to overcome cognitive bottlenecks in automated research. However, the optimal multi-agent coordination framework…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Yang Shen , Zhenyi Yi , Ziyi Zhao , Lijun Sun , Dongyang Li , Chin-Teng Lin , Yuhui Shi

Cooperative multi-agent tasks require agents to deduce their own contributions with shared global rewards, known as the challenge of credit assignment. General methods for policy based multi-agent reinforcement learning to solve the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-11 Lipeng Wan , Xuwei Song , Xuguang Lan , Nanning Zheng

In the evolving landscape of human-autonomy teaming (HAT), fostering effective collaboration and trust between human and autonomous agents is increasingly important. To explore this, we used the game Overcooked AI to create dynamic teaming…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Anthony J. Ries , Stéphane Aroca-Ouellette , Alessandro Roncone , Ewart J. de Visser

Progress in multiagent intelligence research is fundamentally limited by the number and quality of environments available for study. In recent years, simulated games have become a dominant research platform within reinforcement learning, in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-20 Joseph Suarez , Yilun Du , Igor Mordatch , Phillip Isola

Tight coordination is required for effective human-robot teams in domains involving fast dynamics and tactical decisions, such as multi-car racing. In such settings, robot teammates must react to cues of a human teammate's tactical…

We consider a setting involving $N$ agents, where each agent interacts with an environment modeled as a Markov Decision Process (MDP). The agents' MDPs differ in their reward functions, capturing heterogeneous objectives/tasks. The…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-10 Feng Zhu , Robert W. Heath , Aritra Mitra

Language Model (LM)-based agents remain largely untested in mixed-motive settings where agents must leverage short-term cooperation for long-term competitive goals (e.g., multi-party politics). We introduce Cooperate to Compete (C2C), a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Abigail O'Neill , Alan Zhu , Mihran Miroyan , Narges Norouzi , Joseph E. Gonzalez

Even though Google Research Football (GRF) was initially benchmarked and studied as a single-agent environment in its original paper, recent years have witnessed an increasing focus on its multi-agent nature by researchers utilizing it as a…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2023-09-25 Yan Song , He Jiang , Haifeng Zhang , Zheng Tian , Weinan Zhang , Jun Wang

Multiagent learning settings are inherently more difficult than single-agent learning because each agent interacts with other simultaneously learning agents in a shared environment. An effective approach in multiagent reinforcement learning…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-10-31 Dong-Ki Kim , Matthew Riemer , Miao Liu , Jakob N. Foerster , Gerald Tesauro , Jonathan P. How

Cooperation in multi-agent learning (MAL) is a topic at the intersection of numerous disciplines, including game theory, economics, social sciences, and evolutionary biology. Research in this area aims to understand both how agents can…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2023-12-11 Yali Du , Joel Z. Leibo , Usman Islam , Richard Willis , Peter Sunehag

Effective coordination is crucial to solve multi-agent collaborative (MAC) problems. While centralized reinforcement learning methods can optimally solve small MAC instances, they do not scale to large problems and they fail to generalize…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-22 Nicolas Carion , Gabriel Synnaeve , Alessandro Lazaric , Nicolas Usunier

In multi-agent reinforcement learning, the cooperative learning behavior of agents is very important. In the field of heterogeneous multi-agent reinforcement learning, cooperative behavior among different types of agents in a group is…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-04-14 Taeyoung Kim , Luiz Felipe Vecchietti , Kyujin Choi , Sanem Sariel , Dongsoo Har

Altruistic cooperation is costly yet socially desirable. As a result, agents struggle to learn cooperative policies through independent reinforcement learning (RL). Indirect reciprocity, where agents consider their interaction partner's…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2024-08-09 Martin Smit , Fernando P. Santos

Imitation learning algorithms can be used to learn a policy from expert demonstrations without access to a reward signal. However, most existing approaches are not applicable in multi-agent settings due to the existence of multiple (Nash)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-07-27 Jiaming Song , Hongyu Ren , Dorsa Sadigh , Stefano Ermon

The intuitive collaboration of humans and intelligent robots (embodied AI) in the real-world is an essential objective for many desirable applications of robotics. Whilst there is much research regarding explicit communication, we focus on…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-08-04 Ali Shafti , Jonas Tjomsland , William Dudley , A. Aldo Faisal

Research in model-based reinforcement learning has made significant progress in recent years. Compared to single-agent settings, the exponential dimension growth of the joint state-action space in multi-agent systems dramatically increases…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2023-04-03 Zifan Wu , Chao Yu , Chen Chen , Jianye Hao , Hankz Hankui Zhuo

Multi-agent credit assignment is a fundamental challenge for cooperative multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL), where a team of agents learn from shared reward signals. The Individual-Global-Max (IGM) condition is a widely used…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Wen-Tse Chen , Yuxuan Li , Shiyu Huang , Jiayu Chen , Jeff Schneider