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An intriguing property of deep neural networks is the existence of adversarial examples, which can transfer among different architectures. These transferable adversarial examples may severely hinder deep neural network-based applications.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-02-08 Yanpei Liu , Xinyun Chen , Chang Liu , Dawn Song

Adversarial examples are data points misclassified by neural networks. Originally, adversarial examples were limited to adding small perturbations to a given image. Recent work introduced the generalized concept of unrestricted adversarial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-05-20 Martin Kotuliak , Sandro E. Schoenborn , Andrei Dan

Generating high-quality textual adversarial examples is critical for investigating the pitfalls of natural language processing (NLP) models and further promoting their robustness. Existing attacks are usually realized through word-level or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-25 Yibin Lei , Yu Cao , Dianqi Li , Tianyi Zhou , Meng Fang , Mykola Pechenizkiy

Generating adversarial examples is the art of creating a noise that is added to an input signal of a classifying neural network, and thus changing the network's classification, while keeping the noise as tenuous as possible. While the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-12-08 Roee Ben-Shlomo , Yevgeniy Men , Ido Imanuel

We propose algorithms to create adversarial attacks to assess model robustness in text classification problems. They can be used to create white box attacks and black box attacks while at the same time preserving the semantics and syntax of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-08-17 Rahul Singh , Tarun Joshi , Vijayan N. Nair , Agus Sudjianto

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have been found to be vulnerable to adversarial examples resulting from adding small-magnitude perturbations to inputs. Such adversarial examples can mislead DNNs to produce adversary-selected results. Different…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-02-15 Chaowei Xiao , Bo Li , Jun-Yan Zhu , Warren He , Mingyan Liu , Dawn Song

Adversarial attacks for discrete data (such as texts) have been proved significantly more challenging than continuous data (such as images) since it is difficult to generate adversarial samples with gradient-based methods. Current…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-05 Linyang Li , Ruotian Ma , Qipeng Guo , Xiangyang Xue , Xipeng Qiu

Adversarial examples highlight model vulnerabilities and are useful for evaluation and interpretation. We define universal adversarial triggers: input-agnostic sequences of tokens that trigger a model to produce a specific prediction when…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-01-05 Eric Wallace , Shi Feng , Nikhil Kandpal , Matt Gardner , Sameer Singh

Recent works have illustrated that modern NLP models trained for diverse tasks ranging from sentiment analysis to language generation succumb to universal adversarial attacks, a class of input-agnostic attacks where a common trigger…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Benedict Florance Arockiaraj , Alexander Feng , Jianxiong Cai , Xiaoyu Cheng

Discrete optimization-based jailbreaking attacks on large language models aim to generate short, nonsensical suffixes that, when appended onto input prompts, elicit disallowed content. Notably, these suffixes are often transferable --…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Sarah Ball , Niki Hasrati , Alexander Robey , Avi Schwarzschild , Frauke Kreuter , Zico Kolter , Andrej Risteski

With rapid progress and significant successes in a wide spectrum of applications, deep learning is being applied in many safety-critical environments. However, deep neural networks have been recently found vulnerable to well-designed input…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-07-10 Xiaoyong Yuan , Pan He , Qile Zhu , Xiaolin Li

We explore methods of producing adversarial examples on deep generative models such as the variational autoencoder (VAE) and the VAE-GAN. Deep learning architectures are known to be vulnerable to adversarial examples, but previous work has…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-02-23 Jernej Kos , Ian Fischer , Dawn Song

Though CNNs have achieved the state-of-the-art performance on various vision tasks, they are vulnerable to adversarial examples --- crafted by adding human-imperceptible perturbations to clean images. However, most of the existing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-06-04 Cihang Xie , Zhishuai Zhang , Yuyin Zhou , Song Bai , Jianyu Wang , Zhou Ren , Alan Yuille

Adversarial examples are inputs to a machine learning system that result in an incorrect output from that system. Attacks launched through this type of input can cause severe consequences: for example, in the field of image recognition, a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-24 Stefano Cresci , Marinella Petrocchi , Angelo Spognardi , Stefano Tognazzi

Recent work has explored integrating autoregressive language models with energy-based models (EBMs) to enhance text generation capabilities. However, learning effective EBMs for text is challenged by the discrete nature of language. This…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-14 Xuwang Yin

In this work we present a formal theoretical framework for assessing and analyzing two classes of malevolent action towards generic Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems. Our results apply to general multi-class classifiers that map from an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-01 Ivan Y. Tyukin , Desmond J. Higham , Alexander N. Gorban

The proliferation of large language models (LLMs) has sparked widespread and general interest due to their strong language generation capabilities, offering great potential for both industry and research. While previous research delved into…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-09 Lukas Struppek , Minh Hieu Le , Dominik Hintersdorf , Kristian Kersting

Generative sequence models are typically trained on sample sequences from natural or formal languages. It is a crucial question whether -- or to what extent -- sample-based training is able to capture the true structure of these languages,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-06 András Balogh , Márk Jelasity

Machine learning models are vulnerable to adversarial examples formed by applying small carefully chosen perturbations to inputs that cause unexpected classification errors. In this paper, we perform experiments on various adversarial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-08-08 Andras Rozsa , Manuel Günther , Terrance E. Boult

Audio adversarial examples (AEs) have posed significant security challenges to real-world speaker recognition systems. Most black-box attacks still require certain information from the speaker recognition model to be effective (e.g.,…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-11-21 Rui Duan , Zhe Qu , Leah Ding , Yao Liu , Zhuo Lu