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Recently, Transformer-based encoder-decoder models have demonstrated strong performance in multilingual speech recognition. However, the decoder's autoregressive nature and large size introduce significant bottlenecks during inference.…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-28 Yunkyu Lim , Jihwan Park , Hyung Yong Kim , Hanbin Lee , Byeong-Yeol Kim

It is expensive to evaluate the results of Machine Translation(MT), which usually requires manual translation as a reference. Machine Translation Quality Estimation (QE) is a task of predicting the quality of machine translations without…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-19 Lei Lin

The vision transformer splits each image into a sequence of tokens with fixed length and processes the tokens in the same way as words in natural language processing. More tokens normally lead to better performance but considerably…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-12-07 Yichen Zhu , Yuqin Zhu , Jie Du , Yi Wang , Zhicai Ou , Feifei Feng , Jian Tang

While large scale pre-trained language models such as BERT have achieved great success on various natural language understanding tasks, how to efficiently and effectively incorporate them into sequence-to-sequence models and the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-14 Junliang Guo , Zhirui Zhang , Linli Xu , Hao-Ran Wei , Boxing Chen , Enhong Chen

Transformer structure, stacked by a sequence of encoder and decoder network layers, achieves significant development in neural machine translation. However, vanilla Transformer mainly exploits the top-layer representation, assuming the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-14 Jian Yang , Yuwei Yin , Liqun Yang , Shuming Ma , Haoyang Huang , Dongdong Zhang , Furu Wei , Zhoujun Li

Transformers process tokens in parallel but are temporally shallow: at position $t$, each layer attends to key-value pairs computed based on the previous layer, yielding a depth capped by the number of layers. Recurrent models offer…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Costin-Andrei Oncescu , Depen Morwani , Samy Jelassi , Alexandru Meterez , Mujin Kwun , Sham Kakade

Quality Estimation (QE) models for Neural Machine Translation (NMT) predict the quality of the hypothesis without having access to the reference. An emerging research direction in NMT involves the use of QE models, which have demonstrated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Sai Koneru , Matthias Huck , Miriam Exel , Jan Niehues

Current Neural Machine Translation (NMT) employs a language-specific encoder to represent the source sentence and adopts a language-specific decoder to generate target translation. This language-dependent design leads to large-scale network…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-11-02 Long Zhou , Yuchen Liu , Jiajun Zhang , Chengqing Zong , Guoping Huang

Past years have witnessed rapid developments in Neural Machine Translation (NMT). Most recently, with advanced modeling and training techniques, the RNN-based NMT (RNMT) has shown its potential strength, even compared with the well-known…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-07-17 Fandong Meng , Jinchao Zhang

In recent times, the research on Large Language Models (LLMs) has grown exponentially, predominantly focusing on models underpinned by the transformer architecture, as established by [1], and further developed through the decoder-only…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Sathya Krishnan Suresh , Shunmugapriya P

We propose a novel decoding approach for neural machine translation (NMT) based on continuous optimisation. We convert decoding - basically a discrete optimization problem - into a continuous optimization problem. The resulting constrained…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-07-25 Cong Duy Vu Hoang , Gholamreza Haffari , Trevor Cohn

We describe our NMT systems submitted to the WMT19 shared task in English-Czech news translation. Our systems are based on the Transformer model implemented in either Tensor2Tensor (T2T) or Marian framework. We aimed at improving the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-07-31 Martin Popel , Dominik Macháček , Michal Auersperger , Ondřej Bojar , Pavel Pecina

We introduce $k$-nearest-neighbor machine translation ($k$NN-MT), which predicts tokens with a nearest neighbor classifier over a large datastore of cached examples, using representations from a neural translation model for similarity…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-07-23 Urvashi Khandelwal , Angela Fan , Dan Jurafsky , Luke Zettlemoyer , Mike Lewis

Surface defect detection is an extremely crucial step to ensure the quality of industrial products. Nowadays, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) based on encoder-decoder architecture have achieved tremendous success in various defect…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-19 Junpu Wang , Guili Xu , Fuju Yan , Jinjin Wang , Zhengsheng Wang

We present a survey on multilingual neural machine translation (MNMT), which has gained a lot of traction in the recent years. MNMT has been useful in improving translation quality as a result of knowledge transfer. MNMT is more promising…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-01-08 Raj Dabre , Chenhui Chu , Anoop Kunchukuttan

We present a survey on multilingual neural machine translation (MNMT), which has gained a lot of traction in the recent years. MNMT has been useful in improving translation quality as a result of translation knowledge transfer (transfer…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-01-08 Raj Dabre , Chenhui Chu , Anoop Kunchukuttan

We introduce DivEMT, the first publicly available post-editing study of Neural Machine Translation (NMT) over a typologically diverse set of target languages. Using a strictly controlled setup, 18 professional translators were instructed to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-08 Gabriele Sarti , Arianna Bisazza , Ana Guerberof Arenas , Antonio Toral

Transformers have been the dominant architecture for Speech Translation in recent years, achieving significant improvements in translation quality. Since speech signals are longer than their textual counterparts, and due to the quadratic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-03-15 Ioannis Tsiamas , Gerard I. Gállego , José A. R. Fonollosa , Marta R. Costa-jussà

Retrieval models based on dense representations in semantic space have become an indispensable branch for first-stage retrieval. These retrievers benefit from surging advances in representation learning towards compressive global…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-03-06 Kai Zhang , Chongyang Tao , Tao Shen , Can Xu , Xiubo Geng , Binxing Jiao , Daxin Jiang

Pre-training (PT) and back-translation (BT) are two simple and powerful methods to utilize monolingual data for improving the model performance of neural machine translation (NMT). This paper takes the first step to investigate the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-06 Xuebo Liu , Longyue Wang , Derek F. Wong , Liang Ding , Lidia S. Chao , Shuming Shi , Zhaopeng Tu