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Large language models (LLMs) have revolutionized software development practices, yet concerns about their safety have arisen, particularly regarding hidden backdoors, aka trojans. Backdoor attacks involve the insertion of triggers into…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-03-06 Aftab Hussain , Md Rafiqul Islam Rabin , Navid Ayoobi , Mohammad Amin Alipour

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) fine-tuned with multimodal instruction datasets have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in multimodal tasks. However, fine-tuning all parameters of MLLMs has become challenging as they usually…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-10 Xiongtao Zhou , Jie He , Yuhua Ke , Guangyao Zhu , Víctor Gutiérrez-Basulto , Jeff Z. Pan

Large pre-trained models have achieved notable success across a range of downstream tasks. However, recent research shows that a type of adversarial attack ($\textit{i.e.,}$ backdoor attack) can manipulate the behavior of machine learning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Dongliang Guo , Mengxuan Hu , Zihan Guan , Junfeng Guo , Thomas Hartvigsen , Sheng Li

Poisoning attacks can compromise the safety of large language models (LLMs) by injecting malicious documents into their training data. Existing work has studied pretraining poisoning assuming adversaries control a percentage of the training…

Parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) techniques have emerged to address overfitting and high computational costs associated with fully fine-tuning in self-supervised learning. Mainstream PEFT methods add a few trainable parameters while…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-06 Xingliang Lei , Yiwen Ye , Zhisong Wang , Ziyang Chen , Minglei Shu , Weidong Cai , Yanning Zhang , Yong Xia

Current LLM-based services typically require users to submit raw text regardless of its sensitivity. While intuitive, such practice introduces substantial privacy risks, as unauthorized access may expose personal, medical, or legal…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Jeongho Yoon , Chanhee Park , Yongchan Chun , Hyeonseok Moon , Heuiseok Lim

Foundation models have shown superior performance for speech emotion recognition (SER). However, given the limited data in emotion corpora, finetuning all parameters of large pre-trained models for SER can be both resource-intensive and…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-04-02 Nineli Lashkarashvili , Wen Wu , Guangzhi Sun , Philip C. Woodland

The rapid growth in the parameter size of Large Language Models (LLMs) has spurred the development of Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) methods to mitigate the substantial computational costs of fine-tuning. Among these, Fisher Induced…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Kang Xue , Ming Dong , Xinhui Tu , Tingting He

Fine-tuning large pre-trained foundation models often yields excellent downstream performance but is prohibitively expensive when updating all parameters. Parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) methods such as LoRA alleviate this by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Yibo Zhong , Haoxiang Jiang , Lincan Li , Ryumei Nakada , Tianci Liu , Linjun Zhang , Huaxiu Yao , Haoyu Wang

Modern NLP models are often trained on public datasets drawn from diverse sources, rendering them vulnerable to data poisoning attacks. These attacks can manipulate the model's behavior in ways engineered by the attacker. One such tactic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-21 Xuanli He , Qiongkai Xu , Jun Wang , Benjamin I. P. Rubinstein , Trevor Cohn

With the advent of large pre-trained transformer models, fine-tuning these models for various downstream tasks is a critical problem. Paucity of training data, the existence of data silos, and stringent privacy constraints exacerbate this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-17 Naif Alkhunaizi , Faris Almalik , Rouqaiah Al-Refai , Muzammal Naseer , Karthik Nandakumar

Fine-tuning large language models (LLM) can be costly. Parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) addresses the problems by training a fraction of the parameters, whose success reveals the expressiveness and flexibility of pretrained models.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Jing Xu , Jingzhao Zhang

Backdoor attacks have emerged as a prominent threat to natural language processing (NLP) models, where the presence of specific triggers in the input can lead poisoned models to misclassify these inputs to predetermined target classes.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-10-30 Lu Yan , Zhuo Zhang , Guanhong Tao , Kaiyuan Zhang , Xuan Chen , Guangyu Shen , Xiangyu Zhang

Recent studies have revealed the vulnerability of deep neural networks (DNNs) to various backdoor attacks, where the behavior of DNNs can be compromised by utilizing certain types of triggers or poisoning mechanisms. State-of-the-art (SOTA)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-18 Nazmul Karim , Abdullah Al Arafat , Umar Khalid , Zhishan Guo , Nazanin Rahnavard

Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) is widely used for adapting Large Language Models (LLMs) for various tasks. Recently, there has been an increasing demand for fine-tuning a single LLM for multiple tasks because it requires overall…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Anjir Ahmed Chowdhury , Syed Zawad , Xiaolong Ma , Xu Dong , Feng Yan

Recently, we have observed that Large Multi-modal Models (LMMs) are revolutionizing the way machines interact with the world, unlocking new possibilities across various multi-modal applications. To adapt LMMs for downstream tasks,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-04 Donghoon Kim , Gusang Lee , Kyuhong Shim , Byonghyo Shim

Parameter-Efficient finetuning (PEFT) enhances model performance on downstream tasks by updating a minimal subset of parameters. Representation finetuning (ReFT) methods further improve efficiency by freezing model weights and optimizing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Sirui Liang , Pengfei Cao , Jian Zhao , Cong Huang , Jun Zhao , Kang Liu

Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) provides a practical way for users to customize Large Language Models (LLMs) with their private data in LLM service scenarios. However, the inherently sensitive nature of private data demands robust…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Yansong Li , Zhixing Tan , Paula Branco , Yang Liu

Backdoor attacks are an insidious security threat against machine learning models. Adversaries can manipulate the predictions of compromised models by inserting triggers into the training phase. Various backdoor attacks have been devised…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-29 Xuanli He , Jun Wang , Benjamin Rubinstein , Trevor Cohn

Parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) has emerged as an effective method for adapting pre-trained language models to various tasks efficiently. Recently, there has been a growing interest in transferring knowledge from one or multiple…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Zhisheng Lin , Han Fu , Chenghao Liu , Zhuo Li , Jianling Sun
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