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Large Language Models (LLMs) represent a class of deep learning models adept at understanding natural language and generating coherent responses to various prompts or queries. These models far exceed the complexity of conventional neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-05 Minghao Shao , Abdul Basit , Ramesh Karri , Muhammad Shafique

In this paper, we explain the inference logic of large language models (LLMs) as a set of symbolic concepts. Many recent studies have discovered that traditional DNNs usually encode sparse symbolic concepts. However, because an LLM has much…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-04-04 Wen Shen , Lei Cheng , Yuxiao Yang , Mingjie Li , Quanshi Zhang

This paper presents a method to analyze the inference patterns used by Large Language Models (LLMs) for judgment in a case study on legal LLMs, so as to identify potential incorrect representations of the LLM, according to human domain…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Lu Chen , Yuxuan Huang , Yixing Li , Dongrui Liu , Qihan Ren , Shuai Zhao , Kun Kuang , Zilong Zheng , Quanshi Zhang

Large language models (LLMs), when guided by explicit textual plans, can perform reliable step-by-step reasoning during problem-solving. However, generating accurate and effective textual plans remains challenging due to LLM hallucinations…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Sijia Chen , Di Niu

This paper delves into the capabilities of large language models (LLMs), specifically focusing on advancing the theoretical comprehension of chain-of-thought prompting. We investigate how LLMs can be effectively induced to generate a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Rasul Tutunov , Antoine Grosnit , Juliusz Ziomek , Jun Wang , Haitham Bou-Ammar

Large language models (LLMs) demonstrate remarkable breadth of knowledge, yet their ability to reason about computational processes remains poorly understood. Closing this gap matters for practitioners who rely on LLMs to guide algorithm…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Sohan Venkatesh , Ashish Mahendran Kurapath , Tejas Melkote

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable progress in reasoning across diverse domains. However, effective reasoning in real-world tasks requires adapting the reasoning strategy to the demands of the problem, ranging from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Xinda Jia , Jinpeng Li , Zezhong Wang , Jingjing Li , Xingshan Zeng , Yasheng Wang , Weinan Zhang , Yong Yu , Weiwen Liu

The capabilities of large language models (LLMs) have raised concerns about their potential to create and propagate convincing narratives. Here, we study their performance in detecting convincing arguments to gain insights into LLMs'…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Paula Rescala , Manoel Horta Ribeiro , Tiancheng Hu , Robert West

Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as powerful tools in various research domains. This article examines their potential through a literature review and firsthand experimentation. While LLMs offer benefits like cost-effectiveness and…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-04-10 M. Namvarpour , A. Razi

While large language models (LLMs) excel in mathematical and code reasoning, we observe they struggle with social reasoning tasks, exhibiting cognitive confusion, logical inconsistencies, and conflation between objective world states and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Jialu Du , Guiyang Hou , Yihui Fu , Chen Wu , Wenqi Zhang , Yongliang Shen , Weiming Lu

Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have attracted considerable interest among researchers to leverage these models to enhance Recommender Systems (RSs). Existing work predominantly utilizes LLMs to generate knowledge-rich…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-07-25 Zhongxiang Sun , Zihua Si , Xiaoxue Zang , Kai Zheng , Yang Song , Xiao Zhang , Jun Xu

Large language models (LLMs) often struggle to learn from corrective feedback within a conversational context. They are rarely proactive in soliciting this feedback, even when faced with ambiguity, which can make their dialogues feel…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Jonathan Cook , Diego Antognini , Martin Klissarov , Claudiu Musat , Edward Grefenstette

We introduce a comprehensive Linguistic Benchmark designed to evaluate the limitations of Large Language Models (LLMs) in domains such as logical reasoning, spatial intelligence, and linguistic understanding, among others. Through a series…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Sean Williams , James Huckle

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly embedded in AI-based tutoring systems. Can they faithfully model novice reasoning and metacognitive judgments? Existing evaluations emphasize problem-solving accuracy, overlooking the fragmented…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Conrad Borchers , Jill-Jênn Vie , Roger Azevedo

Analogical reasoning -- the capacity to identify and map structural relationships between different domains -- is fundamental to human cognition and learning. Recent studies have shown that large language models (LLMs) can sometimes match…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Sam Musker , Alex Duchnowski , Raphaël Millière , Ellie Pavlick

Large Language Models (LLMs) have unveiled remarkable capabilities in understanding and generating both natural language and code, but LLM reasoning is prone to hallucination and struggle with complex, novel scenarios, often getting stuck…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-05-12 Antonio Jimeno Yepes , Pieter Barnard

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable capabilities in natural language processing, mathematical problem solving, and tasks related to program synthesis. However, their effectiveness in long-term planning and higher-order…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Erik Wu , Sayan Mitra

Large language models (LLMs) are incredibly powerful at comprehending and generating data in the form of text, but are brittle and error-prone. There has been an advent of toolkits and recipes centered around so-called prompt…

Databases · Computer Science 2023-08-09 Aditya G. Parameswaran , Shreya Shankar , Parth Asawa , Naman Jain , Yujie Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable success in various tasks such as natural language understanding, text summarization, and machine translation. However, their general-purpose nature often limits their effectiveness…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Zirui Song , Bin Yan , Yuhan Liu , Miao Fang , Mingzhe Li , Rui Yan , Xiuying Chen

Large Language Models (LLMs) have garnered significant attention due to their remarkable ability to process information across various languages. Despite their capabilities, they exhibit inconsistencies in handling identical queries in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-24 Yue Huang , Chenrui Fan , Yuan Li , Siyuan Wu , Tianyi Zhou , Xiangliang Zhang , Lichao Sun