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Can LLMs consistently improve their previous outputs for better results? For this to be true, LLMs would need to be better at discriminating among previously-generated alternatives, than generating initial responses. We explore the validity…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-09-09 Dongwei Jiang , Jingyu Zhang , Orion Weller , Nathaniel Weir , Benjamin Van Durme , Daniel Khashabi

Music Recommender Systems (MRS) have long relied on an information-retrieval framing, where progress is measured mainly through accuracy on retrieval-oriented subtasks. While effective, this reductionist paradigm struggles to address the…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Elena V. Epure , Yashar Deldjoo , Bruno Sguerra , Markus Schedl , Manuel Moussallam

With generative artificial intelligence (AI), particularly large language models (LLMs), continuing to make inroads in healthcare, it is critical to supplement traditional automated evaluations with human evaluations. Understanding and…

Hampering the interpretation of benchmark scores, evaluation data contamination has become a growing concern in the evaluation of LLMs, and an active area of research studies its effects. While evaluation data contamination is easily…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-07 Aaditya K. Singh , Muhammed Yusuf Kocyigit , Andrew Poulton , David Esiobu , Maria Lomeli , Gergely Szilvasy , Dieuwke Hupkes

Large Language Models (LLMs) have been evaluated using diverse question types, e.g., multiple-choice, true/false, and short/long answers. This study answers an unexplored question about the impact of different question types on LLM accuracy…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Seok Hwan Song , Mohna Chakraborty , Qi Li , Wallapak Tavanapong

Large Language Model (LLM)-based systems present new opportunities for autonomous health monitoring in sensor-rich industrial environments. This study explores the potential of LLMs to detect and classify faults directly from sensor data,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Xian Yeow Lee , Lasitha Vidyaratne , Ahmed Farahat , Chetan Gupta

As large language models (LLMs) become increasingly powerful, traditional evaluation metrics tend to saturate, making it challenging to distinguish between models. We propose a general method to transform existing LLM evaluations into a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-20 William F. Bradley

The correlation between NLG automatic evaluation metrics and human evaluation is often regarded as a critical criterion for assessing the capability of an evaluation metric. However, different grouping methods and correlation coefficients…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Mingqi Gao , Xinyu Hu , Li Lin , Xiaojun Wan

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across a broad spectrum of tasks. They have attracted significant attention and been deployed in numerous downstream applications. Nevertheless, akin to a double-edged…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-28 Zishan Guo , Renren Jin , Chuang Liu , Yufei Huang , Dan Shi , Supryadi , Linhao Yu , Yan Liu , Jiaxuan Li , Bojian Xiong , Deyi Xiong

Evaluation practices in natural language generation (NLG) have many known flaws, but improved evaluation approaches are rarely widely adopted. This issue has become more urgent, since neural NLG models have improved to the point where they…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-02-15 Sebastian Gehrmann , Elizabeth Clark , Thibault Sellam

Traditional evaluation metrics like BLEU and ROUGE fall short when capturing the nuanced qualities of generated text, particularly when there is no single ground truth. In this paper, we explore the potential of Large Language Models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-13 Manav Chaudhary , Harshit Gupta , Savita Bhat , Vasudeva Varma

This paper surveys evaluation techniques to enhance the trustworthiness and understanding of Large Language Models (LLMs). As reliance on LLMs grows, ensuring their reliability, fairness, and transparency is crucial. We explore algorithmic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Nik Bear Brown

LLMs have emerged as powerful evaluators in the LLM-as-a-Judge paradigm, offering significant efficiency and flexibility compared to human judgments. However, previous methods primarily rely on single-point evaluations, overlooking the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Luyu Chen , Zeyu Zhang , Haoran Tan , Quanyu Dai , Hao Yang , Zhenhua Dong , Xu Chen

The rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs) has inspired researchers to integrate them extensively into the academic workflow, potentially reshaping how research is practiced and reviewed. While previous studies highlight the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Rui Li , Jia-Chen Gu , Po-Nien Kung , Heming Xia , Junfeng liu , Xiangwen Kong , Zhifang Sui , Nanyun Peng

A growing body of research examines personality traits in Large Language Models (LLMs), particularly in human-agent collaboration. Prior work has frequently applied the Big Five inventory to assess LLM behavior analogous to human…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Kim Zierahn , Cristina Cachero , Anna Korhonen , Nuria Oliver

Large Language Model (LLM) leaderboards based on benchmark rankings are regularly used to guide practitioners in model selection. Often, the published leaderboard rankings are taken at face value - we show this is a (potentially costly)…

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown capabilities close to human performance in various analytical tasks, leading researchers to use them for time and labor-intensive analyses. However, their capability to handle highly specialized and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Alexander S. Choi , Syeda Sabrina Akter , JP Singh , Antonios Anastasopoulos

Amidst the rapid evolution of LLMs, the significance of evaluation in comprehending and propelling these models forward is increasingly paramount. Evaluations have revealed that factors such as scaling, training types, architectures and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Kun Sun , Rong Wang , Anders Søgaard

Large language model (LLM) evaluations often assume there is a single correct response -- a gold label -- for each item in the evaluation corpus. However, some tasks can be ambiguous -- i.e., they provide insufficient information to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-22 Luke Guerdan , Hanna Wallach , Solon Barocas , Alexandra Chouldechova

The rapid evolution of Large Language Model (LLM) inference systems has yielded significant efficiency improvements. However, our systematic analysis reveals that current evaluation methodologies frequently exhibit fundamental flaws, often…