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Multimodal Continual Instruction Tuning (MCIT) enables Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) to meet continuously emerging requirements without expensive retraining. MCIT faces two major obstacles: catastrophic forgetting (where old…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-28 Junhao Zheng , Qianli Ma , Zhen Liu , Binquan Wu , Huawen Feng

Large language models (LLMs) excel in various tasks but are primarily trained on text data, limiting their application scope. Expanding LLM capabilities to include vision-language understanding is vital, yet training them on multimodal data…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-08 Shanshan Zhong , Shanghua Gao , Zhongzhan Huang , Wushao Wen , Marinka Zitnik , Pan Zhou

Training a neural network model can be a lifelong learning process and is a computationally intensive one. A severe adverse effect that may occur in deep neural network models is that they can suffer from catastrophic forgetting during…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-10 Xiaofeng Zhu , Feng Liu , Goce Trajcevski , Dingding Wang

Modern language models are powerful, but typically static after deployment. A major obstacle to building models that continually learn over time is catastrophic forgetting, where updating on new data erases previously acquired capabilities.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Jessy Lin , Luke Zettlemoyer , Gargi Ghosh , Wen-Tau Yih , Aram Markosyan , Vincent-Pierre Berges , Barlas Oğuz

Deep pretrained language models have achieved great success in the way of pretraining first and then fine-tuning. But such a sequential transfer learning paradigm often confronts the catastrophic forgetting problem and leads to sub-optimal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-04-28 Sanyuan Chen , Yutai Hou , Yiming Cui , Wanxiang Che , Ting Liu , Xiangzhan Yu

Despite the significant advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs), catastrophic forgetting remains a substantial challenge, where models lose previously acquired knowledge upon learning new information. Continual learning (CL) strategies…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Iing Muttakhiroh , Thomas Fevens

Incremental Learning (IL) has been a long-standing problem in both vision and Natural Language Processing (NLP) communities. In recent years, as Pre-trained Language Models (PLMs) have achieved remarkable progress in various NLP downstream…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-09 Junhao Zheng , Shengjie Qiu , Qianli Ma

Continual learning in large language models (LLMs) typically encounters the critical challenge of catastrophic forgetting, where previously acquired knowledge deteriorates upon exposure to new data. While techniques like replay buffers and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-25 Sneh Pillai

Benefiting from massive corpora and advanced hardware, large language models (LLMs) exhibit remarkable capabilities in language understanding and generation. However, their performance degrades in scenarios where multiple tasks are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Xiao Wang , Tianze Chen , Qiming Ge , Han Xia , Rong Bao , Rui Zheng , Qi Zhang , Tao Gui , Xuanjing Huang

Large language models have achieved remarkable success in various tasks. However, it is challenging for them to learn new tasks incrementally due to catastrophic forgetting. Existing approaches rely on experience replay, optimization…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Yukun Zhao , Lingyong Yan , Zhenyang Li , Shuaiqiang Wang , Zhumin Chen , Zhaochun Ren , Dawei Yin

As the number of large language models (LLMs) released to the public grows, there is a pressing need to understand the safety implications associated with these models learning from third-party custom finetuning data. We explore the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-04 Jiachen Zhao , Zhun Deng , David Madras , James Zou , Mengye Ren

Autonomous machine learning systems that learn many tasks in sequence are prone to the catastrophic forgetting problem. Mathematical theory is needed in order to understand the extent of forgetting during continual learning. As a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Daniel Goldfarb , Paul Hand

Large Language Models (LLMs) are known for their expensive and time-consuming training. Thus, oftentimes, LLMs are fine-tuned to address a specific task, given the pretrained weights of a pre-trained LLM considered a foundation model. In…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-05 Eshed Gal , Moshe Eliasof , Javier Turek , Uri Ascher , Eran Treister , Eldad Haber

Large language models (LLMs) are capable of performing conditional sequence generation tasks, such as translation or summarization, through instruction fine-tuning. The fine-tuning data is generally sequentially concatenated from a specific…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-24 Yijin Liu , Xianfeng Zeng , Fandong Meng , Jie Zhou

Catastrophic forgetting remains a major challenge when adapting large language models (LLMs) to new tasks or domains. Conventional fine-tuning often overwrites existing knowledge, causing performance degradation on original tasks. We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-08 Ayoub Ben Chaliah , Hela Dellagi

Expanding the linguistic diversity of instruct large language models (LLMs) is crucial for global accessibility but is often hindered by the reliance on costly specialized target language labeled data and catastrophic forgetting during…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Atsuki Yamaguchi , Terufumi Morishita , Aline Villavicencio , Nikolaos Aletras

Artificial neural networks encounter a notable challenge known as continual learning, which involves acquiring knowledge of multiple tasks over an extended period. This challenge arises due to the tendency of previously learned weights to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-28 Yonatan Sverdlov , Shimon Ullman

Foundational Vision-Language Models (VLMs) excel across diverse tasks, but adapting them to new domains without forgetting prior knowledge remains a critical challenge. Continual Learning (CL) addresses this challenge by enabling models to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Vaibhav Singh , Rahaf Aljundi , Eugene Belilovsky

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have revolutionized natural language processing through their remarkable capabilities in understanding and executing diverse tasks. While supervised fine-tuning, particularly in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-05 Yuqing Huang , Rongyang Zhang , Qimeng Wang , Chengqiang Lu , Yan Gao , Yi Wu , Yao Hu , Xuyang Zhi , Guiquan Liu , Xin Li , Hao Wang , Enhong Chen

Recently, decomposing complex problems into simple subtasks--a crucial part of human-like natural planning--to solve the given problem has significantly boosted the performance of large language models (LLMs). However, leveraging such…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-11 Mihir Parmar , Palash Goyal , Xin Liu , Yiwen Song , Mingyang Ling , Chitta Baral , Hamid Palangi , Tomas Pfister