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Deploying Large Language Models (LLMs) on edge devices is increasingly important, as it eliminates reliance on network connections, reduces expensive API calls, and enhances user privacy. However, on-device deployment is challenging due to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Yijiang Liu , Hengyu Fang , Liulu He , Rongyu Zhang , Yichuan Bai , Yuan Du , Li Du

The growing scale of large language models (LLMs) not only demands extensive computational resources but also raises environmental concerns due to their increasing carbon footprint. Model quantization emerges as an effective approach that…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Saima Afrin , Bowen Xu , Antonio Mastropaolo

As foundational tools in natural language processing, Large Language Models (LLMs) have immense parameter scales, which makes deployment and inference increasingly prohibitive, especially in resource-constrained devices. Therefore,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-04 Lingxiao Li , Yihao Wang , Jiacheng Fan , Jing Li , Sujuan Qin , Qiaoyan Wen , Fei Gao

As the size and context length of Large Language Models (LLMs) grow, weight-activation quantization has emerged as a crucial technique for efficient deployment of LLMs. Compared to weight-only quantization, weight-activation quantization…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-27 Minghui Zou , Ronghui Guo , Sai Zhang , Xiaowang Zhang , Zhiyong Feng

Large language models (LLMs) have transformed the way we think about language understanding and generation, enthralling both researchers and developers. However, deploying LLMs for inference has been a significant challenge due to their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Dibakar Gope , David Mansell , Danny Loh , Ian Bratt

We investigate the effects of post-training quantization and quantization-aware training on the generalization of Transformer language models. We present a new method called self-distilled quantization (SDQ) that minimizes accumulative…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-13 James O' Neill , Sourav Dutta

Weight quantization is one of the most important techniques of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) model compression method. A recent work using systematic framework of DNN weight quantization with the advanced optimization algorithm ADMM…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-03 Sheng Lin , Xiaolong Ma , Shaokai Ye , Geng Yuan , Kaisheng Ma , Yanzhi Wang

Quantizing large language models (LLMs) to 1-bit precision significantly reduces computational costs, but existing quantization techniques suffer from noticeable performance degradation when using weight and activation precisions below 4…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Siqing Song , Chuang Wang , Ruiqi Wang , Yi Yang , Xu-Yao Zhang

This paper introduces a novel real-time Fuzzy Supervised Learning with Binary Meta-Feature (FSL-BM) for big data classification task. The study of real-time algorithms addresses several major concerns, which are namely: accuracy, memory…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-09 Kamran Kowsari , Nima Bari , Roman Vichr , Farhad A. Goodarzi

In recent years, the compression of large language models (LLMs) has emerged as a key problem in facilitating LLM deployment on resource-limited devices, reducing compute costs, and mitigating the environmental footprint due to large-scale…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-07 Sean I. Young

Large Language Models (LLMs) are widely used across many domains, but their scale makes deployment challenging. Post-Training Quantization (PTQ) reduces memory footprint without retraining by leveraging a small calibration set. Recent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Jaemin Kim , Sungkyun Kim , Junyeol Lee , Jiwon Seo

Despite the impressive capabilities of large language models (LLMs), their performance on information extraction tasks is still not entirely satisfactory. However, their remarkable rewriting capabilities and extensive world knowledge offer…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-23 Junjie Ye , Nuo Xu , Yikun Wang , Jie Zhou , Qi Zhang , Tao Gui , Xuanjing Huang

Large language models (LLMs) achieve strong performance but incur high deployment costs, motivating extremely low-bit but lossy quantization. Existing quantization algorithms mainly focus on improving the numerical accuracy of forward…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Yuzhuang Xu , Xu Han , Yuxuan Li , Pengzhan Li , Wanxiang Che

Quantization has emerged as a mainstream method for compressing Large Language Models (LLMs), reducing memory requirements and accelerating inference without architectural modifications. While existing research primarily focuses on…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Sen Fang , Weiyuan Ding , Antonio Mastropaolo , Bowen Xu

The LoRA-finetuning quantization of LLMs has been extensively studied to obtain accurate yet compact LLMs for deployment on resource-constrained hardware. However, existing methods cause the quantized LLM to severely degrade and even fail…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Haotong Qin , Xudong Ma , Xingyu Zheng , Xiaoyang Li , Yang Zhang , Shouda Liu , Jie Luo , Xianglong Liu , Michele Magno

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable capabilities in language understanding and generation. Nonetheless, it was also witnessed that LLMs tend to produce inaccurate responses to specific queries. This deficiency can be traced…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-16 Dixuan Wang , Yanda Li , Junyuan Jiang , Zepeng Ding , Ziqin Luo , Guochao Jiang , Jiaqing Liang , Deqing Yang

Low-precision weights and activations in deep neural networks (DNNs) outperform their full-precision counterparts in terms of hardware efficiency. When implemented with low-precision operations, specifically in the extreme case where…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-09 Behnam Ghavami , Mohammad Shahidzadeh , Lesley Shannon , Steve Wilton

Latent Diffusion Models (LDMs) capture the dynamic evolution of latent variables over time, blending patterns and multimodality in a generative system. Despite the proficiency of LDM in various applications, such as text-to-image…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-12 Yuewei Yang , Xiaoliang Dai , Jialiang Wang , Peizhao Zhang , Hongbo Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit a troubling duality, capable of both remarkable generalization and brittle, verbatim memorization of their training data. This unpredictability undermines their reliability in high-stakes applications.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Xuanming Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) exhibit exceptional performance across a wide range of tasks; however, their token-by-token autoregressive generation process significantly hinders inference speed. Speculative decoding presents a promising…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Kai Lv , Honglin Guo , Qipeng Guo , Xipeng Qiu