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Large Language Models (LLMs) are versatile, yet they often falter in tasks requiring deep and reliable reasoning due to issues like hallucinations, limiting their applicability in critical scenarios. This paper introduces a rigorously…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-21 Saizhuo Wang , Zhihan Liu , Zhaoran Wang , Jian Guo

We study reinforcement learning (RL) fine-tuning of large language model (LLM) agents for long-horizon multi-turn tool use, where context length quickly becomes a fundamental bottleneck. Existing RL pipelines can suffer from degraded…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Miao Lu , Weiwei Sun , Weihua Du , Zhan Ling , Xuesong Yao , Kang Liu , Jiecao Chen

Text embeddings from Large Language Models (LLMs) have become foundational for numerous applications. However, these models typically operate on raw text, overlooking the rich structural information, such as hyperlinks or citations, that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Shikun Liu , Haoyu Wang , Mufei Li , Pan Li

Word embeddings -- distributed representations of words -- in deep learning are beneficial for many tasks in natural language processing (NLP). However, different embedding sets vary greatly in quality and characteristics of the captured…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2015-12-31 Wenpeng Yin , Hinrich Schütze

So far, expensive finetuning beyond the pretraining sequence length has been a requirement for effectively extending the context of language models (LM). In this work, we break this key bottleneck by Dropping the Positional Embeddings of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Yoav Gelberg , Koshi Eguchi , Takuya Akiba , Edoardo Cetin

Many applications of large language models (LLMs) require long-context understanding, but models continue to struggle with such tasks. We hypothesize that conventional next-token prediction training could contribute to this, because each…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-13 Falko Helm , Nico Daheim , Iryna Gurevych

Specialized entity linking (EL) models are well-trained at mapping mentions to unique knowledge base (KB) entities according to a given context. However, specialized EL models struggle to disambiguate long-tail entities due to their limited…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Amy Xin , Yunjia Qi , Zijun Yao , Fangwei Zhu , Kaisheng Zeng , Xu Bin , Lei Hou , Juanzi Li

Decoder-only large language models (LLMs) have been increasingly adopted to build embedding models for diverse tasks. To overcome the inherent limitations of causal attention in representation learning, many existing methods modify the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Ailiang Lin , Zhuoyun Li , Yusong Wang , Kotaro Funakoshi , Manabu Okumura

Large language models suffer issues when operated on long contexts that are larger than their training context length due to the standard position encoding for tokens in the attention layer. Tokens a long distance apart will rarely have an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Phat Thanh Dang , Saahil Thoppay , Wang Yang , Qifan Wang , Vipin Chaudhary , Xiaotian Han

Large language models (LLMs) often struggle to accurately read and comprehend extremely long texts. Current methods for improvement typically rely on splitting long contexts into fixed-length chunks. However, fixed truncation risks…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Boheng Sheng , Jiacheng Yao , Meicong Zhang , Guoxiu He

The adoption of long context windows has become a standard feature in Large Language Models (LLMs), as extended contexts significantly enhance their capacity for complex reasoning and broaden their applicability across diverse scenarios.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Wenxuan Li , Chengruidong Zhang , Huiqiang Jiang , Yucheng Li , Yuqing Yang , Lili Qiu

Processing and reasoning over long contexts is crucial for many practical applications of Large Language Models (LLMs), such as document comprehension and agent construction. Despite recent strides in making LLMs process contexts with more…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-27 Xinrong Zhang , Yingfa Chen , Shengding Hu , Zihang Xu , Junhao Chen , Moo Khai Hao , Xu Han , Zhen Leng Thai , Shuo Wang , Zhiyuan Liu , Maosong Sun

With an increase of dataset availability, the potential for learning from a variety of data sources has increased. One particular method to improve learning from multiple data sources is to embed the data source during training. This allows…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-08 Rob van der Goot , Miryam de Lhoneux

There is a growing interest in Universal Multimodal Embeddings (UME), where models are required to generate task-specific representations. While recent studies show that Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) perform well on such tasks,…

Static and contextual multilingual embeddings have complementary strengths. Static embeddings, while less expressive than contextual language models, can be more straightforwardly aligned across multiple languages. We combine the strengths…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-18 Katharina Hämmerl , Jindřich Libovický , Alexander Fraser

Long context is an important topic in Natural Language Processing (NLP), running through the development of NLP architectures, and offers immense opportunities for Large Language Models (LLMs), giving LLMs the lifelong learning potential…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Xiaoran Liu , Ruixiao Li , Mianqiu Huang , Zhigeng Liu , Yuerong Song , Qipeng Guo , Siyang He , Qiqi Wang , Linlin Li , Qun Liu , Ziwei He , Yaqian Zhou , Xuanjing Huang , Xipeng Qiu

We present models for embedding words in the context of surrounding words. Such models, which we refer to as token embeddings, represent the characteristics of a word that are specific to a given context, such as word sense, syntactic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-06-13 Lifu Tu , Kevin Gimpel , Karen Livescu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have made substantial strides in structured tasks through Reinforcement Learning (RL), demonstrating proficiency in mathematical reasoning and code generation. However, applying RL in broader domains like…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-10 Hao Sun , Yunyi Shen , Jean-Francois Ton , Mihaela van der Schaar

Multiple recent studies have documented large language models' (LLMs) performance on calling external tools/functions. Others focused on LLMs' abilities to handle longer context lengths. At the intersection of these areas lies another…

Large language models (LLMs), despite their impressive performance in various language tasks, are typically limited to processing texts within context-window size. This limitation has spurred significant research efforts to enhance LLMs'…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-09 Jiaqi Li , Mengmeng Wang , Zilong Zheng , Muhan Zhang