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In the large language model (LLM) revolution, embedding is a key component of various systems, such as retrieving knowledge or memories for LLMs or building content moderation filters. As such cases span from English to other natural or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Xin Zhang , Zehan Li , Yanzhao Zhang , Dingkun Long , Pengjun Xie , Meishan Zhang , Min Zhang

The advent of large language models (LLMs) has significantly advanced artificial intelligence (AI) in software engineering (SE), with source code embeddings playing a crucial role in tasks such as source code clone detection and source code…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Zixiang Xian , Chenhui Cui , Rubing Huang , Chunrong Fang , Zhenyu Chen

Recent techniques such as retrieval-augmented generation or chain-of-thought reasoning have led to longer contexts and increased inference costs. Context compression techniques can reduce these costs, but the most effective approaches…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Hippolyte Pilchen , Edouard Grave , Patrick Pérez

The limited context window of contemporary large language models (LLMs) remains a huge barrier to their broader application across various domains. While continual pre-training on long-context data is a straightforward and effective…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Wei Han , Pan Zhou , Soujanya Poria , Shuicheng Yan

We focus on enhancing comprehension in small-group recorded conversations, which serve as a medium to bring people together and provide a space for sharing personal stories and experiences on crucial social matters. One way to parse and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-31 Shrestha Mohanty , Sarah Xuan , Jacob Jobraeel , Anurag Kumar , Deb Roy , Jad Kabbara

Pre-training decoder-only language models relies on vast amounts of high-quality data, yet the availability of such data is increasingly reaching its limits. While metadata is commonly used to create and curate these datasets, its potential…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Sebastian Sztwiertnia , Felix Friedrich , Kristian Kersting , Patrick Schramowski , Björn Deiseroth

In retrieval-augmented systems, context ranking techniques are commonly employed to reorder the retrieved contexts based on their relevance to a user query. A standard approach is to measure this relevance through the similarity between…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Weichao Zhou , Jiaxin Zhang , Hilaf Hasson , Anu Singh , Wenchao Li

Extending the context window of large language models (LLMs) is getting popular recently, while the solution of augmenting LLMs with retrieval has existed for years. The natural questions are: i) Retrieval-augmentation versus long context…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-24 Peng Xu , Wei Ping , Xianchao Wu , Lawrence McAfee , Chen Zhu , Zihan Liu , Sandeep Subramanian , Evelina Bakhturina , Mohammad Shoeybi , Bryan Catanzaro

Existing large language models (LLMs) for machine translation are typically fine-tuned on sentence-level translation instructions and achieve satisfactory performance at the sentence level. However, when applied to document-level…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Yachao Li , Junhui Li , Jing Jiang , Min Zhang

Masked Language Models (MLMs) have achieved remarkable success in many self-supervised representation learning tasks. MLMs are trained by randomly masking portions of the input sequences with [MASK] tokens and learning to reconstruct the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Kangjie Zheng , Junwei Yang , Siyue Liang , Bin Feng , Zequn Liu , Wei Ju , Zhiping Xiao , Ming Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities across a range of natural language processing tasks. In particular, improvements in reasoning abilities and the expansion of context windows have opened new avenues for…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Yeounoh Chung , Gaurav T. Kakkar , Yu Gan , Brenton Milne , Fatma Ozcan

The rapid advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs) has inaugurated a transformative epoch in natural language processing, fostering unprecedented proficiency in text generation, comprehension, and contextual scrutiny. Nevertheless,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-22 Cangqing Wang , Yutian Yang , Ruisi Li , Dan Sun , Ruicong Cai , Yuzhu Zhang , Chengqian Fu , Lillian Floyd

Extending the context length (i.e., the maximum supported sequence length) of LLMs is of paramount significance. To facilitate long context training of LLMs, sequence parallelism has emerged as an essential technique, which scatters each…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-02-12 Yujie Wang , Shiju Wang , Shenhan Zhu , Fangcheng Fu , Xinyi Liu , Xuefeng Xiao , Huixia Li , Jiashi Li , Faming Wu , Bin Cui

As retrieval-augmented generation prevails in large language models, embedding models are becoming increasingly crucial. Despite the growing number of general embedding models, prior work often overlooks the critical role of training data…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-16 Xinshuo Hu , Zifei Shan , Xinping Zhao , Zetian Sun , Zhenyu Liu , Dongfang Li , Shaolin Ye , Xinyuan Wei , Qian Chen , Baotian Hu , Haofen Wang , Jun Yu , Min Zhang

The fast development of Large Language Models (LLMs) offers growing opportunities to further improve sequential recommendation systems. Yet for some practitioners, integrating LLMs to their existing base recommendation systems raises…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-04-17 Nanshan Jia , Chenfei Yuan , Yuhang Wu , Zeyu Zheng

Long Context Language Models have drawn great attention in the past few years. There has been work discussing the impact of long context on Language Model performance: some find that long irrelevant context could harm performance, while…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Jingzhe Shi , Qinwei Ma , Hongyi Liu , Hang Zhao , Jeng-Neng Hwang , Lei Li

Large Language Models (LLMs) have become a milestone in the field of artificial intelligence and natural language processing. However, their large-scale deployment remains constrained by the need for significant computational resources.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Julián Camilo Velandia Gutiérrez

Large Language Models (LLMs) face significant computational challenges when processing long contexts due to the quadratic complexity of self-attention. While soft context compression methods, which map input text to smaller latent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Gabriele Berton , Jayakrishnan Unnikrishnan , Son Tran , Mubarak Shah

Large language models (LLMs) have emerged as a cornerstone in real-world applications with lengthy streaming inputs (e.g., LLM-driven agents). However, existing LLMs, pre-trained on sequences with a restricted maximum length, cannot process…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-29 Chaojun Xiao , Pengle Zhang , Xu Han , Guangxuan Xiao , Yankai Lin , Zhengyan Zhang , Zhiyuan Liu , Maosong Sun

Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have yielded remarkable success across diverse fields. However, handling long contexts remains a significant challenge for LLMs due to the quadratic time and space complexity of attention…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-02 Weijie Liu , Zecheng Tang , Juntao Li , Kehai Chen , Min Zhang
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