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We study a sequential binary prediction setting where the forecaster is evaluated in terms of the calibration distance, which is defined as the $L_1$ distance between the predicted values and the set of predictions that are perfectly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Mingda Qiao , Letian Zheng

Calibration allows predictions to be reliably interpreted as probabilities by decision makers. We propose a decision-theoretic calibration error, the Calibration Decision Loss (CDL), defined as the maximum improvement in decision payoff…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-14 Lunjia Hu , Yifan Wu

Recent advances in machine learning have significantly improved prediction accuracy in various applications. However, ensuring the calibration of probabilistic predictions remains a significant challenge. Despite efforts to enhance model…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-08-05 Yan Sun , Pratik Chaudhari , Ian J. Barnett , Edgar Dobriban

Calibration requires predictor outputs to be consistent with their Bayesian posteriors. For machine learning predictors that do not distinguish between small perturbations, calibration errors are continuous in predictions, e.g., smooth…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-23 Jason Hartline , Yifan Wu , Yunran Yang

Making calibrated online predictions is a central challenge in modern AI systems. Much of the existing literature focuses on fully adversarial environments where outcomes may be arbitrary, leading to conservative algorithms that can perform…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Junyan Liu , Haipeng Luo , Lillian J. Ratliff

The distance from calibration, introduced by B{\l}asiok, Gopalan, Hu, and Nakkiran (STOC 2023), has recently emerged as a central measure of miscalibration for probabilistic predictors. We study the fundamental problems of computing and…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Mingda Qiao

Uncertainty in probabilistic classifiers predictions is a key concern when models are used to support human decision making, in broader probabilistic pipelines or when sensitive automatic decisions have to be taken. Studies have shown that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-09 Nicolas Posocco , Antoine Bonnefoy

We study the fundamental question of how to define and measure the distance from calibration for probabilistic predictors. While the notion of perfect calibration is well-understood, there is no consensus on how to quantify the distance…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-03 Jarosław Błasiok , Parikshit Gopalan , Lunjia Hu , Preetum Nakkiran

Forecast probabilities often serve as critical inputs for binary decision making. In such settings, calibration$\unicode{x2014}$ensuring forecasted probabilities match empirical frequencies$\unicode{x2014}$is essential. Although the common…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-08-06 Raphael Rossellini , Jake A. Soloff , Rina Foygel Barber , Zhimei Ren , Rebecca Willett

Understanding the confidence with which a machine learning model classifies an input datum is an important, and perhaps under-investigated, concept. In this paper, we propose a new calibration metric, the Entropic Calibration Difference…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Daniel James Sumler , Lee Devlin , Simon Maskell , Richard O. Lane

To be considered reliable, a model must be calibrated so that its confidence in each decision closely reflects its true outcome. In this blogpost we'll take a look at the most commonly used definition for calibration and then dive into a…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-09-16 Maja Pavlovic

Informally, a model is calibrated if its predictions are correct with a probability that matches the confidence of the prediction. By far the most common method in the literature for measuring calibration is the expected calibration error…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Muthu Chidambaram , Holden Lee , Colin McSwiggen , Semon Rezchikov

Modern neural networks can achieve high accuracy while remaining poorly calibrated, producing confidence estimates that do not match empirical correctness. Yet calibration is often treated as a post-hoc attribute. We take a different…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Alessandro Morosini , Matea Gjika , Tomaso Poggio , Pierfrancesco Beneventano

We study the problem of making calibrated probabilistic forecasts for a binary sequence generated by an adversarial nature. Following the seminal paper of Foster and Vohra (1998), nature is often modeled as an adaptive adversary who sees…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-28 Chirag Gupta , Aaditya Ramdas

Reliable precipitation nowcasting is critical for weather-sensitive decision-making, yet neural weather models (NWMs) can produce poorly calibrated probabilistic forecasts. Standard calibration metrics such as the expected calibration error…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Lauri Kurki , Yaniel Cabrera , Samu Karanko

Classifier calibration has received recent attention from the machine learning community due both to its practical utility in facilitating decision making, as well as the observation that modern neural network classifiers are poorly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-24 John Kirchenbauer , Jacob Oaks , Eric Heim

Probabilistic classifiers output confidence scores along with their predictions, and these confidence scores should be calibrated, i.e., they should reflect the reliability of the prediction. Confidence scores that minimize standard metrics…

We study the online calibration of multi-dimensional forecasts over an arbitrary convex set $\mathcal{P} \subset \mathbb{R}^d$ relative to an arbitrary norm $\Vert\cdot\Vert$. We connect this with the problem of external regret minimization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Maxwell Fishelson , Noah Golowich , Mehryar Mohri , Jon Schneider

Model calibration aims to align confidence with prediction correctness. The Cross-Entropy (CE) loss is widely used for calibrator training, which enforces the model to increase confidence on the ground truth class. However, we find the CE…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-13 Yuchi Liu , Lei Wang , Yuli Zou , James Zou , Liang Zheng

Most machine learning classifiers are designed to output posterior probabilities for the classes given the input sample. These probabilities may be used to make the categorical decision on the class of the sample; provided as input to a…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-08-07 Luciana Ferrer , Daniel Ramos
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