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Groups with complex set intersection relations are a natural way to model a wide array of data, from the formation of social groups to the complex protein interactions which form the basis of biological life. One approach to representing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-15 Sepideh Maleki , Josh Vekhter , Keshav Pingali

Hypergraphs are a powerful abstraction for representing higher-order interactions between entities of interest. To exploit these relationships in making downstream predictions, a variety of hypergraph neural network architectures have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-21 Yuxin Wang , Quan Gan , Xipeng Qiu , Xuanjing Huang , David Wipf

Message passing neural networks (MPNNs) have become a dominant flavor of graph neural networks (GNNs) in recent years. Yet, MPNNs come with notable limitations; namely, they are at most as powerful as the 1-dimensional Weisfeiler-Leman…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-04 Lingxiao Zhao , Louis Härtel , Neil Shah , Leman Akoglu

The Weisfeiler--Lehman (WL) test and its simplicial extension (SWL) characterize the combinatorial expressivity of message passing networks, but they are blind to geometry, i.e., meshes with identical connectivity but different embeddings…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Elena Xinyi Wang , Bastian Rieck

Network data has become widespread, larger, and more complex over the years. Traditional network data is dyadic, capturing the relations among pairs of entities. With the need to model interactions among more than two entities, significant…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Hao Tian , Reza Zafarani

Current GNN architectures use a vertex neighborhood aggregation scheme, which limits their discriminative power to that of the 1-dimensional Weisfeiler-Lehman (WL) graph isomorphism test. Here, we propose a novel graph convolution operator…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-22 Clemens Damke , Vitalik Melnikov , Eyke Hüllermeier

We introduce a new class of auto-encoders for directed graphs, motivated by a direct extension of the Weisfeiler-Leman algorithm to pairs of node labels. The proposed model learns pairs of interpretable latent representations for the nodes…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-28 Georgios Kollias , Vasileios Kalantzis , Tsuyoshi Idé , Aurélie Lozano , Naoki Abe

We consider the graph link prediction task, which is a classic graph analytical problem with many real-world applications. With the advances of deep learning, current link prediction methods commonly compute features from subgraphs centered…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-21 Lei Cai , Jundong Li , Jie Wang , Shuiwang Ji

Hypergraphs, capable of representing high-order interactions via hyperedges, have become a powerful tool for modeling real-world biological and social systems. Inherent relationships within these real-world systems, such as the encoding…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2025-05-09 Li Ni , Ziqi Deng , Lin Mu , Lei Zhang , Wenjian Luo , Yiwen Zhang

We propose a Graph Neural Network (GNN)-based approach for Handwritten Mathematical Expression (HME) recognition by modeling HMEs as graphs, where nodes represent symbols and edges capture spatial dependencies. A deep BLSTM network is used…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Cuong Tuan Nguyen , Ngoc Tuan Nguyen , Triet Hoang Minh Dao , Huy Minh Nhat , Huy Truong Dinh

A hypergraph is a data structure composed of nodes and hyperedges, where each hyperedge is an any-sized subset of nodes. Due to the flexibility in hyperedge size, hypergraphs represent group interactions (e.g., co-authorship by more than…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2023-06-06 Minyoung Choe , Sunwoo Kim , Jaemin Yoo , Kijung Shin

Hypergraphs are generalisation of graphs in which a hyperedge can connect any number of vertices. It can describe n-ary relationships and high-order information among entities compared to conventional graphs. In this paper, we study the…

Databases · Computer Science 2023-02-21 Zhengyi Yang , Wenjie Zhang , Xuemin Lin , Ying Zhang , Shunyang Li

Recent work shows that the expressive power of Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) in distinguishing non-isomorphic graphs is exactly the same as that of the Weisfeiler-Lehman (WL) graph test. In particular, they show that the WL test can be…

In recent years, algorithms and neural architectures based on the Weisfeiler-Leman algorithm, a well-known heuristic for the graph isomorphism problem, emerged as a powerful tool for (supervised) machine learning with graphs and relational…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-23 Christopher Morris , Matthias Fey , Nils M. Kriege

Hypergraphs are widely adopted tools to examine systems with higher-order interactions. Despite recent advancements in methods for community detection in these systems, we still lack a theoretical analysis of their detectability limits.…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Nicolò Ruggeri , Alessandro Lonardi , Caterina De Bacco

Can neural networks learn to compare graphs without feature engineering? In this paper, we show that it is possible to learn representations for graph similarity with neither domain knowledge nor supervision (i.e.\ feature engineering or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-04-23 Rami Al-Rfou , Dustin Zelle , Bryan Perozzi

Message passing Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) provide a powerful modeling framework for relational data. However, the expressive power of existing GNNs is upper-bounded by the 1-Weisfeiler-Lehman (1-WL) graph isomorphism test, which means…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-08 Jiaxuan You , Jonathan Gomes-Selman , Rex Ying , Jure Leskovec

Hypergraph structure learning, which aims to learn the hypergraph structures from the observed signals to capture the intrinsic high-order relationships among the entities, becomes crucial when a hypergraph topology is not readily available…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-12 Bohan Tang , Siheng Chen , Xiaowen Dong

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have emerged as a promising approach for ``learning to branch'' in Mixed-Integer Linear Programming (MILP). While standard Message-Passing GNNs (MPNNs) are efficient, they theoretically lack the expressive power…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-11 Junru Zhou , Yicheng Wang , Pan Li

This paper aims for set-to-hypergraph prediction, where the goal is to infer the set of relations for a given set of entities. This is a common abstraction for applications in particle physics, biological systems, and combinatorial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-18 David W. Zhang , Gertjan J. Burghouts , Cees G. M. Snoek